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Understanding the large-scale structure of the universe remains a fundamental challenge in cosmology, with computational simulations providing critical insights into non-linear structure growth. Particularly, computational simulations…
The accelerating expansion of the universe presents an exciting, fundamental challenge to the standard models of particle physics and cosmology. I highlight some of the outstanding challenges in both developing theoretical models and…
We review how dark matter is distributed in our local neighbourhood from an observational and theoretical perspective. We will start by describing first the dark matter halo of our own galaxy and in the Local Group. Then we proceed to…
We briefly discuss cosmic inflation, which is the dominant paradigm for the generation of the large scale structure in the Universe and also for arranging for the initial conditions of the hot Big Bang. We then present quintessential…
This essay outlines the Holographic Space-time (HST) theory of cosmology and its relation to conventional theories of inflation. The predictions of the theory are compatible with observations, and one must hope for data on primordial…
In the cold dark matter model of structure formation, galaxies are assembled hierarchically from mergers and the accretion of subclumps. This process is expected to leave residual substructure in the Galactic dark halo, including partially…
The condensation of gas and stars in the inner regions of dark matter halos leads to a more concentrated dark matter distribution. While this effect is based on simple gravitational physics, the question of its validity in hierarchical…
A companion paper presents a worked model for evolution through inflation to initial conditions for an isocurvature model for structure formation. It is shown here that the model is consistent with the available observational constraints…
The coupling of photons and baryons by Thomson scattering in the early universe imprints features in both the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and matter power spectra. The former have been used to constrain a host of cosmological…
We present results of extensive model calculations of disk galaxy evolution within an hierarchical inside-out formation scenario. We first compare properties of the dark halos identified in a cosmological N-body simulation with predictions…
Galaxies are biased tracers of the underlying cosmic web, which is dominated by dark matter components that cannot be directly observed. Galaxy formation simulations can be used to study the relationship between dark matter density fields…
As galaxy redshift surveys probe deeper into the universe, they uncover ever more dramatic structures in the large-scale distribution of galaxies. In particular, the CfA2 and SSRS2 surveys to an apparent magnitude limit of 15.5 exhibit an…
We compare a large suite of theoretical cosmological models to observational data from the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillation measurements of expansion, Type Ia SNe measurements of expansion, redshift space distortion…
For the first time, the combination of semi-analytic modelling of galaxy formation and N-body simulations of cosmic structure formation enables us to model, at the same time, both the photometric and the clustering properties of galaxies.…
Persisting tensions between the cosmological constraints derived from low-redshift probes and the ones obtained from temperature and polarisation anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background -- although not yet providing compelling…
The concordance cosmological model based on cold dark matter makes definitive predictions for the growth of galaxies in the Universe, which are being actively studied using numerical simulations. These predictions appear to contradict the…
Ultralight dark matter simulations predict condensates with short-range correlation, known as solitons or boson stars, at the centers of dark matter halos. This paper investigates the formation and collapse of dark matter solitons…
The "gravitational baryogenesis" scenario is extended to generate both baryon and dark matter asymmetries, in the matter dominated era corresponding to post-inflationary reheating. A minimal extension requires a singlet fermion X for dark…
Observational Cosmology has indeed made very rapid progress in recent years. The ability to quantify the universe has largely improved due to observational constraints coming from structure formation Measurements of CMB anisotropy and, more…
In this review we outline the major points of ab-initio cosmological models focusing on some galaxy evolution unresolved problems. In particular our knowledge of the star formation rate which leads galaxy evolution, i.e. luminosity, colors…