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Space telescope observations of massive black holes during their formation may be key to understanding the origin of supermassive black holes and high-redshift quasars. To create diagnostics for their detection and confirmation, we study a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-12 Kirk S. S. Barrow , Aycin Aykutalp , John H. Wise

An enormous number of compact binary systems, spanning from stellar to supermassive levels, emit substantial gravitational waves during their final evolutionary stages, thereby creating a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-05 Zhencheng Li , Zhen Jiang , Xi-Long Fan , Yun Chen , Liang Gao , Qi Guo , Shenghua Yu

The nature of the first seeds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is currently unknown, with postulated initial masses ranging from $\sim10^5~M_{\odot}$ to as low as $\sim10^2~M_{\odot}$. However, most existing cosmological simulations…

The upcoming space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory, LISA, is expected to detect GW signals from supermassive black hole (SMBH) mergers occurring at high redshifts. However, understanding the origin and growth of SMBHs in the early…

If binary intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs; with masses between 100 and $10^4 \Msun$) form in dense stellar clusters, their inspiral will be detectable with the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) out to several Gpc. Here…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Cole Miller , Marc Freitag

Direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs) are an important component of the massive black hole population of the early universe, and their formation and early mergers will be prominent in the data stream of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-23 Bernard J. Kelly , Sarah Gossan , Leonardo R. Werneck , John Wise , Zachariah B. Etienne , Thiago Assumpção , Aláine Lee , John G. Baker

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravitational-wave (GW) observatory will be limited in its ability to detect mergers of binary black holes (BBHs) in the stellar-mass range. A future ground-based detector network, meanwhile,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-26 Kaze W. K. Wong , Ely D. Kovetz , Curt Cutler , Emanuele Berti

One of the scientific objectives of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is to probe the expansion of the Universe using gravitational wave observations. Indeed, as gravitational waves from the coalescence of a massive black hole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 Alberto Mangiagli , Chiara Caprini , Sylvain Marsat , Lorenzo Speri , Robert R. Caldwell , Nicola Tamanini

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is being designed to detect and study in detail gravitational waves from sources throughout the Universe such as massive black hole binaries. The conceptual formulation of the LISA space-borne…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Scott E Pollack , Robin Tuck Stebbins

Recent studies show that light seeds of black holes, which grow into massive black holes (MBHs) over time, often struggle to remain at the centers of their birthplaces in high-redshift galaxies, limiting their ability to accrete gas and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-26 David Izquierdo-Villalba , Daniele Spinoso , Marta Volonteri , Monica Colpi , Alberto Sesana , Silvia Bonoli

We present an implementation of Pop III.1 seeding of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in a theoretical model of galaxy formation and evolution to assess the growth the SMBH population and the properties of the host galaxies. The model of…

HST observations reveal that young massive star clusters form in gas-rich environments like the Antenn{\ae} galaxy which will merge in collisional processes to form larger structures. These clusters amalgamate and if some of these clusters…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Pau Amaro-Seoane

Using the semi-analytic model Serotina, we investigate the cosmic spin evolution of supermassive black holes incorporating recent results from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations of spin-down from relativistic jets. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-11 Angelo Ricarte , Priyamvada Natarajan , Ramesh Narayan , Daniel C. M. Palumbo

Direct collapse of pristine gas in early galaxies is a promissing pathway for forming supermassive black holes (BHs) powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at the epoch of reionization (EoR). This seeding mechanism requires suppression of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-21 Kazutaka Kimura , Kohei Inayoshi , Kazuyuki Omukai

The direct formation of a massive black hole is a potential seeding mechanism of the earliest observed supermassive black holes. We investigate how the existence of a massive black hole seed impacts the ionization and thermal state of its…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-12 Aycin Aykutalp , Kirk S. S. Barrow , John H. Wise , Jarrett L. Johnson

The supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with mass $M_\bullet > 10^9 \, \rm M_\odot$ hosted by high-redshift galaxies have challenged our understanding of black hole formation and growth, as several pathways have emerged attempting to explain…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-10 Matthew T. Scoggins , Zoltan Haiman , Fabio Pacucci

We estimate the expected signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from the three phases (inspiral,merger,ringdown) of coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) for initial and advanced ground-based interferometers (LIGO/VIRGO) and for space-based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Eanna E. Flanagan , Scott A. Hughes

Gravitational waves (GWs) have provided a new lens through which to view the universe beyond traditional electromagnetic methods. The upcoming space-based gravitational wave mission, Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), will give us…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-17 Shaniya Jarrett , Kelly Holley-Bockelmann , Robert J. Scherrer

The black hole merging rates inferred after the gravitational-wave detection by Advanced LIGO/VIRGO and the relatively high mass of the progenitors are consistent with models of dark matter made of massive primordial black holes (PBH). PBH…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-30 Sebastien Clesse , Juan García-Bellido

We explore the cosmic evolution of massive black hole (MBH) seeds forming within 'quasistars' (QSs), accreting black holes embedded within massive hydrostatic gaseous envelopes. These structures could form if the infall of gas into the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Marta Volonteri , Mitchell C. Begelman