Related papers: Cosmic Ray Acceleration during Large Scale Structu…
Cosmic rays (CRs) leave their sources mainly along the local magnetic field; in doing so they excite both resonant and nonresonant modes through streaming instabilities. The excitation of these modes leads to enhanced scattering and in turn…
Clusters of galaxies are the largest self-gravitating structures in the universe. Each cluster is filled with a large-scale plasma atmosphere, in which primordial matter is mixed with matter that has been processed inside stars. This is a…
Supernova explosions in the early star forming galaxies will accelerate cosmic rays (CRs). CRs are typically confined in the collapsed objects for a short period before escaping into the intergalactic medium (IGM). Galactic outflows can…
We discuss the phenomenon of energization of relativistic charged particles in three-dimensional (3D) incompressible MHD turbulence and the diffusive properties of the motion of the same particles. We show that the random electric field…
Cosmological shock waves during structure formation not only play a decisive role for the thermalization of gas in virializing structures but also for the acceleration of relativistic cosmic rays (CRs) through diffusive shock acceleration.…
We investigate the production of cosmic ray (CR) protons at cosmological shocks by performing, for the first time, numerical simulations of large scale structure formation that include directly the acceleration, transport and energy losses…
Cosmic ray acceleration by shocks related with Slipping Interaction Regions (SIRs) in the Galactic Wind is considered. SIRs are similar to Solar Wind Corotating Interaction Regions. The spiral structure of our Galaxy results in a strong…
Multidimensional modification of gravity with a smaller mass scale of the gravitational interaction is considered. Stable by assumption dark matter particles could decay via interactions with virtual black holes. The decay rates of such…
We carry out a suite of simulations of the evolution of cosmic-ray (CR) driven, radiatively-cooled cold clouds embedded in hot material, as found in galactic outflows. In such interactions, CRs stream towards the cloud at the Alfv\'en…
In a previous paper (Brunetti et al. 2004) we presented the first self-consistent calculations of the time-dependent coupled equations for the electrons, hadrons and Alfv\'en waves in the intracluster medium, which describe the stochastic…
We investigate a mechanism for accelerating cool (10$^4$ K) clouds in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) with cosmic rays (CRs), possibly explaining some characteristics of observed high velocity clouds (HVCs). Enforcing CRs to stream down…
We describe the formation and evolution of X-ray cavities in the hot gas of galaxy clusters. The cavities are formed only with relativistic cosmic rays that eventually diffuse into the surrounding gas. We explore the evolution of cavities…
The mechanism accelerating cosmic rays in the Milky Way Galaxy and galaxy clusters is identified and described. The acceleration of cosmic rays is a purely electrostatic process which operates up to the maximum energies of $10^{23}$ eV in…
Galaxy clusters are known to be reservoirs of Cosmic Rays (CRs), as inferred from theoretical calculations or detection of CR-derived observables. CR acceleration in clusters is mostly attributed to the dynamical activity that produces…
The Fermi acceleration model was introduced to describe how cosmic ray particles are accelerated to great speeds by interacting with moving magnetic fields. We identify a new variation of the model where light ions interact with a moving…
The nonthermal radiation observed from a handfull of clusters of galaxies (CG) is the proof that particle acceleration occurs in the intracluster medium (ICM). It is often believed that shock surfaces associated with either mergers of CG,…
We propose that nearly every accelerated CR was part of the parallel current that maintains all force-free (f-f) magnetic fields. Charged particles are accelerated by the E-parallel (to the magnetic filed B) produced by reconnection. The…
Efficient acceleration of cosmic rays (via the mechanism of diffusive shock acceleration) requires turbulent, amplified magnetic fields in the shock's upstream region. We present results of multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations…
We review the possible roles of large scale shocks as particle accelerators in clusters of galaxies. Recent observational and theoretical work has suggested that high energy charged particles may constitute a substantial pressure component…
Shocks of supernova remnants (SNRs) accelerate charged particles up to 100 TeV range via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. It is believed that shocks of SNRs are the main contributors to the pool of Galactic cosmic rays,…