Related papers: Cosmic Rays with Energy Above 10^{17} ev
This paper begins with a pedagogical discussion of the propagation of cosmic rays and the showers produced when a cosmic ray primary hits the upper atmosphere. The paper focusses cosmic rays, with energy > 10^19 eV. Emphasis is placed on…
This paper presents the set of measurements of ultra-high energy air shower radio emission at frequency 32 MHz in period of 2008-2012. The showers are selected by geomagnetic and azimuth angles and then by the energy in three intervals:…
One of the most striking astrophysical phenomena today is the existence of cosmic ray particles with energies in excess of 10^20 eV. While their presence has been confirmed by a number of experiments, it is not clear where and how these…
The detection of cosmic rays with energy around and in excess of $10^{20}$ eV raises many questions that future experiments will help answering to. I address here my view of some of these open issues, as they are now and as they might be…
The lateral distribution of particles in extensive air showers from cosmic rays with energy above $10^{17}$ eV registered at the Yakutsk complex array was analyzed. Experimentally measured particle densities were compared to the predictions…
The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with $\sim$ 3 km$^2$ geometric area, is taking data since 2009.The array permits a detailed study of energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range from $6\cdot 10^{15}$ to…
Particle lateral distributions were investigated in cosmic ray air showers with energy $E_0 \simeq 10^{18}$ eV registered at the Yakutsk array with surface and underground scintillation detectors with $\simeq 1 \times \sec\theta$~GeV…
The cosmic rays spectrum has been shown to extend well beyond 10^20 eV. With nearly 20 events observed in the last 40 years, it is now established that particles with energies near or above 10^21 eV. No nearby astrophysical object has been…
Arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) exhibit mainly an isotropic distribution with some small deviations in particular energy bins. In this paper, the Yakutsk array data are tested for circular uniformity of arrival…
The present situation with regard to experimental data on ultra high-energy cosmic rays is briefly reviewed. Whilst detailed knowledge of the shape of the energy spectrum is still lacking, it is clear that events above 10^20 eV do exist.…
Experimental data obtained at the Yakutsk array after the modernization in 1993 are analyzed. The characteristics of EAS longitudinal and radial development found from the charged particle flux and EAS Cherenkov light registered at the…
Arrival directions of extensive air showers by using world data are considered. It is found that the shower distribution in zenith angle at the energies E>10^{19} eV and E>4x10^{19} eV differs from each other. By our estimations, the shower…
It is commonly accepted that high energy cosmic rays up to $10^{19}$ eV can be produced in catastrophic astrophysical processes. However the source of a few observed events with higher energies remains mysterious. We propose that they may…
In this paper we review the main features of the observed Cosmic Rays spectrum in the energy range $10^{17} {\rm eV}~\div~10^{20} {\rm eV}$. We present a theoretical model that explains the main observed features of the spectrum, namely the…
The paper describes methods used for the detection of cosmic rays with energies above 10^18 eV (UHECR, UltraHigh Energy Cosmic Rays). It had been anticipated there would be a cutoff in the energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays around 3…
Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles from extraterrestrial sources, with the highest energy events thought to come from extragalactic sources. Their arrival is infrequent, so detection requires instruments with large collecting…
We give a brief overview of the current experimental and theoretical status of cosmic rays above ~10**17 eV. We focus on the role of large scale magnetic fields and on multi-messenger aspects linking charged cosmic ray with secondary…
This review focuses on high-energy cosmic rays in the PeV energy range and above. Of particular interest is the knee of the spectrum around 3 PeV and the transition from cosmic rays of Galactic origin to particles from extra-galactic…
Arrival directions of ultrahigh energy extensive air showers (EAS) by world arrays data are analyzed. It is shown that arrival directions of ultrahigh energy EAS by Yakutsk and P. Auger data are some correlated with pulsars of Local Arm…
It is proposed a new approach for estimating the composition of cosmic rays. It is found that the zenith angle distributions and muon components of EAS for energies E>10^19 eV and E>4.10^19 eV differ from each other. It is shown that the…