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The statistical properties of the ultra-luminous X-ray source (ULX) populations extracted from the ROSAT HRI survey of X-ray point sources in nearby galaxies in Paper I are studied to reveal connections between the ULX phenomenon and survey…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ji-Feng Liu , Joel N. Bregman , Jimmy Irwin

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent the closest and most accessible laboratories to study sustained super-Eddington accretion onto compact objects. Over the past decade, the discoveries of coherent pulsations in a few ULXs has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-24 R. Amato , M. Bachetti , R. Soria , A. Gúrpide , M. Imbrogno , C. Salvaggio , R. Salvaterra , M. Del Santo , S. Scaringi , P. Casella , A. Wolter

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are those X-ray sources located away from the centre of their host galaxy with luminosities exceeding the Eddington limit of a stellar-mass black hole ($L_X>10^{39}\;{\rm erg\,s}^{-1}$). The discovery of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-21 Devina Misra , Tassos Fragos , Thomas Tauris , Emmanouil Zapartas , David R. Aguilera-Dena

We have searched for ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in a sample of 28 elliptical and S0 galaxies observed with Chandra. We find that the number of X-ray sources detected at a flux level that would correspond to a 0.3-10 keV X-ray…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jimmy A. Irwin , Joel N. Bregman , Alex E. Athey

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear X-ray sources in nearby galaxies with X-ray luminosities $\geq$ 10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$. The measurement of the black hole (BH) masses of ULXs is a long-standing problem. Here we estimate…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Xin-Lin Zhou

The origin of Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in external galaxies whose X-ray luminosities exceed those of the brightest black holes in our Galaxy by hundreds and thousands of times is mysterious. The most popular models for the ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-27 Sergei Fabrika , Alexander Vinokurov , Kirill Atapin

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are bright extragalactic sources with X-ray luminosities above 10^39 erg/s powered by accretion onto compact objects. According to the first studies performed with XMM-Newton ULXs seemed to be excellent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-10 Ciro Pinto , Andrew Fabian , Matthew Middleton , Dom Walton

X-ray binaries with black hole (BH) accretors and massive star donors at short orbital periods of a few days can evolve into close binary BH systems (BBH) that merge within the Hubble time through stable mass transfer evolution. From…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-19 Jakub Klencki , Gijs Nelemans

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are extragalactic X-ray emitters located off-center of their host galaxy and with a luminosity in excess of a few ${10^{39}\text{ erg s}^{-1}}$, if emitted isotropically. The discovery of periodic…

Since the detection of X-ray pulses from ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in 2014, neutron stars have been considered as their central objects. However, it remains unclear how neutron stars can be brighter than the Eddington luminosity,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-26 Shigeyuki Karino

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are sources observed to exceed the Eddington limit of a stellar-mass black hole (BH). A fraction of ULX sources show X-ray pulses which are evidence for accreting neutron stars (NSs). Theoretical studies…

The number of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) is observed to be correlated with the current star formation rate in late-type galaxies and with the stellar mass in early-type galaxies (ETGs). Since there is very little gas, dust or star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-10 T. R. Rajalakshmi , Somak Raychaudhury , Indulekha Kavila , Gulab C. Dewangan

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are non-nuclear point-like objects observed with extremely high X-ray luminosity that exceeds the Eddington limit of a $\rm10\,M_\odot$ black hole. A fraction of ULXs has been confirmed to contain neutron…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-04 Luhan Li , Bo Wang , Dongdong Liu , Yunlang Guo , Wen-Cong Chen , Zhanwen Han

The nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is presently unknown. A possible explanation is that they are accreting intermediate mass black holes (IBHs) that are fed by Roche lobe overflow from a tidally captured stellar companion. We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Clovis Hopman , Simon F. Portegies Zwart , Tal Alexander

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) were identified as a separate class of objects in 2000 based on data from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. These are unique objects: their X-ray luminosities exceed the Eddington limit for a typical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-25 S. N. Fabrika , K. E. Atapin , A. S. Vinokurov , O. N. Sholukhova

The origin of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) in external galaxies whose X-ray luminosities exceed those of the brightest black holes in our Galaxy by hundreds and thousands of times is mysterious. The most popular models for the ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-21 S. Fabrika

Maps of low-inclination nearby galaxies in Sloan Digitized Sky Survey u-g, g-r and r-i colors are used to determine whether Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are predominantly associated with star-forming regions of their host galaxies. An…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-13 Douglas A. Swartz , Allyn F. Tennant , Roberto Soria

We present some results from an archival VLA study of ultraluminous X-ray source s (ULXs). These unresolved non-nuclear X-ray sources have luminosities (L_X >= 1 0^39 ergs/sec) which may require somewhat exotic explanations, such as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Neal A. Miller , Susan G. Neff , Richard F. Mushotzky

Since their discovery, Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have attracted attention due to their combination of extreme luminosities and extra-nuclear locations. However, they are a fairly rare phenomenon, and attempts to investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 D. J. Walton , J. C. Gladstone , T. P. Roberts , A. C. Fabian

We report the identification of a recurrent ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), a highly absorbed X-ray source (possibly a background AGN), and a young supernova remnant near the center of the starburst galaxy M82. From a series of Chandra…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. K. H. Kong , Y. J. Yang , P. -Y. Hsieh , D. S. Y. Mak , C. S. J. Pun