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Instabilities in relativistic magnetized jets are thought to be deeply connected to their energy dissipation properties and to the consequent acceleration of the non-thermal emitting relativistic particles. Instabilities lead to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-23 M. Musso , G. Bodo , G. Mamatsashvili , P. Rossi , A. Mignone

Nonthermal relativistic plasmas are ubiquitous in astrophysical systems like pulsar wind nebulae and active galactic nuclei, as inferred from their emission spectra. The underlying nonthermal particle acceleration (NTPA) processes have…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-15 Kai Wong , Vladimir Zhdankin , Dmitri A. Uzdensky , Gregory R. Werner , Mitchell C. Begelman

This proceedings paper reports on the theoretical modelling of particle acceleration in magnetised turbulent plasmas. It briefly reviews some recent findings obtained from fully kinetic numerical simulations of large-amplitude, semi to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-18 M. Lemoine

As a fundamental process converting magnetic to plasma energy in high-energy astrophysical plasmas, relativistic magnetic reconnection is a leading explanation for the acceleration of particles to the ultrarelativistic energies necessary to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-26 Gregory R. Werner , Dmitri A. Uzdensky

The outflows from gamma ray bursts, active galactic nuclei and relativistic jets in general interact with the surrounding media through collisionless shocks. With three dimensional relativistic particle-in-cell simulations we investigate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 C. B. Hededal , T. Haugboelle , J. T. Frederiksen , Å. Nordlund

The acceleration of charged particles (electrons and protons) in flaring solar active regions is analyzed by numerical experiments. The acceleration is modelled as a stochastic process taking place by the interaction of the particles with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Anastasiadis , C. Gontikakis , C. Efthymiopoulos

The paper examines the prospects of using laser plasmas for studying novel regimes of the magnetic field line reconnection and charged particle acceleration. Basic features of plasma dynamics in the three-dimensional configurations relevant…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 S. V. Bulanov

In magnetized astrophysical outflows, the dissipation of field energy into particle energy via magnetic reconnection is often invoked to explain the observed non-thermal signatures. By means of two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Lorenzo Sironi , Anatoly Spitkovsky

Particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification in relativistic shocks propagating in inhomogeneous media are investigated by three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations and test-particle simulations. The MHD…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-27 Kanji Morikawa , Yutaka Ohira , Takumi Ohmura

Due to its ubiquitous presence, turbulence is often invoked to explain the origin of nonthermal particles in astrophysical sources of high-energy emission. With particle-in-cell simulations, we study decaying turbulence in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-21 Luca Comisso , Lorenzo Sironi

Shock acceleration is a ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , C. B. Hededal , G. Richardson , H. Sol , R. Preece , G. J. Fishman

In strongly magnetized astrophysical plasma systems, magnetic reconnection is believed to be a primary process during which explosive energy release and particle acceleration occur, leading to significant high-energy emission. Past years…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-04 Fan Guo , Xiaocan Li , William Daughton , Hui Li , Patrick Kilian , Yi-Hsin Liu , Qile Zhang , Haocheng Zhang

Particle acceleration during the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in a collisionless accretion disk was investigated by using a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. We discuss the important role that magnetic reconnection plays not only on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 Masahiro Hoshino

Fast particles are accelerated in astrophysical environments by a variety of processes. Acceleration in reconnection sites has attracted the attention of researchers recently. In this letter we analyze the energy distribution evolution of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Grzegorz Kowal , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , Alex Lazarian

Magnetic reconnection can develop spontaneously via the tearing instability, often invoked to explain disruptive instabilities in fusion devices, solar flares, the generation of periodic density disturbances at the tip of helmet streamers,…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Faisal Sayed , Anna Tenerani , Richard Fitzpatrick

We study the ratchet effect of a damped relativistic particle driven by both asymmetric temporal bi-harmonic and time-periodic piecewise constant forces. This system can be formally solved for any external force, providing the ratchet…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2025-11-11 Niurka R. Quintero , Renato Alvarez-Nodarse , José A. Cuesta

We study the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability in relativistic collisionless plasma, as an astrophysical process for nonthermal particle acceleration. We consider dense plasma on top of a highly magnetized cavity with sheared magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-11 Vladimir Zhdankin , Bart Ripperda , Alexander A. Philippov

In this paper, the temporal evolution of 3-dimensional relativistic current sheets in Poynting-dominated plasma is studied for the first time. Over the past few decades, a lot of efforts have been conducted on studying the evolution of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-14 Makoto Takamoto

Relativistic shocks provide an efficient method for high-energy particle acceleration in many astrophysical sources. Multiple shock systems are even more effective and of importance, for example, in the internal shock model of gamma-ray…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Paul Dempsey , Peter Duffy

Particle transport, acceleration and energisation are phenomena of major importance for both space and laboratory plasmas. Despite years of study, an accurate theoretical description of these effects is still lacking. Validating models with…