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Strong gravitational lensing provides a geometric probe of cosmology in a unique manner through distance ratios involving the source and lens. This is well known for the time delay distance derived from measured delays between lightcurves…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-12 Eric V. Linder

Context. Strong lenses are a biased subset of the general population of galaxies. Aims. The goal of this work is to quantify how lens galaxies and lensed sources differ from their parent distribution, namely the strong lensing bias.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-29 Alessandro Sonnenfeld , Shun-Sheng Li , Giulia Despali , Raphael Gavazzi , Anowar J. Shajib , Edward N. Taylor

The inversion of a gravitational lens system is, as is well known, plagued by the so-called mass-sheet degeneracy: one can always rescale the density distribution of the lens and add a constant-density mass-sheet such that the, also…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Liesenborgs , S. De Rijcke , H. Dejonghe , P. Bekaert

The computation of the magnification of a finite source by an arbitrary gravitational lens can be reduced from a two-dimensional to a one-dimensional integral using a generalization of Stoke's theorem. For a large source lensed by a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew Gould , Cedric Gaucherel

Strong gravitational lensing has significantly advanced the study of high-redshift galaxies, but the differential magnification effect inevitably introduces biases in the spectral analysis of source galaxies. This work investigates these…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-20 Wenshuo Xu , Dandan Xu , Xinzhong Er , Junqiang Ge

Gravitational lensing of a background source by a foreground galaxy lens occasionally produces four images of the source. The cusp and the fold relations impose conditions on the ratios of magnifications of these four-image lenses. In this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Amir Babak Aazami , Priyamvada Natarajan

If an extended source, such as a galaxy, is gravitationally lensed by a massive object in the foreground, the lensing distorts the observed image. It is straightforward to simulate what the observed image would be for a particular lens and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Brendon J. Brewer , Geraint F. Lewis

The effect of ionized gas on the propagation of radio signals is known as plasma lensing. Unlike gravitational lensing, plasma lensing causes both magnification and strong de-magnification effects to background sources. We study the cross…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Xinzhong Er , Jiangchuan Yu , Adam Rogers , Shihang Liu , Shude Mao

(abridged) Aims: RXS J113155.4-123155 (z=0.66) is a quadruply imaged lensed quasar with a resolved Einstein Ring. The goal of this paper is to provide a full characterization of this system, and more particularly accurate astrometry and…

Gravitational lensing describes the bending of the trajectories of light and gravitational waves due to the gravitational potential of a massive object. Strong lensing by galaxies can create multiple images with different overall…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-26 Simon M. C. Yeung , Mark H. Y. Cheung , Joseph A. J. Gais , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

We explore three different methods based on weak lensing to extract cosmological constraints from the large-scale structure. In the first approach (method I), small-scale galaxy lensing measurements of their halo mass provide a constraint…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Jaiyul Yoo , Uros Seljak

We present the analysis of a sample of twenty-four SLACS-like galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lens systems with a background source and deflectors from the Illustris-1 simulation. We study the degeneracy between the complex mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-05-27 W. Enzi , S. Vegetti , G. Despali , J. -W. Hsueh , R. B. Metcalf

In strong gravitational lensing, the multiple images we see correspond to light rays that leave the source in slightly different directions. If the source emission is anisotropic, the images may differ from conventional lensing predictions…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Rosalba Perna , Charles R. Keeton

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is gravitationally lensed by large-scale structure, which distorts observations of the primordial anisotropies in any given direction. Averaged over the sky, this important effect is routinely modelled…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 G. Fabbian , J. Carron , A. Lewis , M. Lembo

To date, the study of high-magnification gravitational lensing effects of galaxy clusters has focused upon the grossly distorted, luminous arc-like features formed in massive, centrally condensed clusters. We investigate the formation of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Liliya L. R. Williams , Geraint F. Lewis

Gravitational microlensing within the Galaxy offers the prospect of probing the details of distant stellar sources, as well as revealing the distribution of compact (and potentially non-luminous) masses along the line-of-sight. Recently, it…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-08 Geraint F. Lewis , Peter Tuthill

Strong lensing has developed into an important astrophysical tool for probing both cosmology and galaxies (their structure, formation, and evolution). Using the gravitational lensing theory and cluster mass distribution model, we try to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Shuo Cao , Yu Pan , Marek Biesiada , Wlodzimierz Godlowski , Zong-Hong Zhu

For microlenses with sufficiently low mass, the angular radius of the source star can be much larger than the angular Einstein ring radius of the lens. For such extreme finite source effect (EFSE) events, finite source effects dominate…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-14 Samson A. Johnson , Matthew T. Penny , B. Scott Gaudi

Weak gravitational lensing perturbations have a non-negligible impact on strong lensing observables, and several degeneracies exist between the properties of the main lens, line of sight, and cosmology. In this work, we consider the impact…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Daniel Johnson , Thomas Collett , Tian Li , Pierre Fleury