Related papers: Primary Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition Deter…

An ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) colliding with the Earth's atmosphere gives rise to an Extensive Air Shower (EAS). Due to different charge separation mechanisms within the thin shower front coherent electromagnetic radiation will be…

In thermal plasma spectroscopy, Stark broadening measurement of hydrogen spectral lines is considered to be a good and reliable measurement for electron density. Unlike intensity based measurements, Stark broadening measurements can pose a…

Recent results of advanced experiments with sophisticated measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of the so called knee at a few PeV indicate a distinct knee in the energy spectra of light primary cosmic rays and an increasing…

The general aim of this work is to obtain the lateral distribution of atmospheric Cherenkov light in extensive air showers produced by different primary particles precisely by. protons, Helium, Iron, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Calcium,…

The Cherenkov radiation is substantially modified in the presence of a medium with a nontrivial dispersion relation. We consider Cherenkov emission spectra of a point charge moving in general three- (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) photonic…

The dependence of the number of extensive air showers (EAS) on the zenith angle is obtained in groups with a constant solid-angle step with different election types at separations between stations of 500 and 1000 m by using the Yakutsk EAS…

Ground-based composition measurements of high-energy cosmic rays can be significantly improved by using the direct Cherenkov method. This technique targets the Cherenkov light produced by the primary particle prior to its production of an…

We present a detailed modeling and computation methodology to determine the optical Cherenkov signals produced by upward-moving extensive air showers (EASs) induced by $\tau$-leptons and muons, sourced from the interaction of high-energy…

We report on the cosmic ray mass composition measured by the Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE) hybrid detector. The TALE detector consists of a fluorescence detector (FD) station with 10 FD telescopes located at the Telescope…

We report the analysis of the Ne-Nmuon coincident events collected by the MACRO/EAS-TOP collaboration at the Gran Sasso Laboratories. The result points to a primary composition becoming heavier around the knee of the primary spectrum (in…

The detailed simulation of extended air showers (EAS) and their emission of Cherenkov and fluorescence light requires increasing computation time and storage volume with increasing energy of the primary particle. Given these limitations, it…

We have already reported the first result on the all-particle spectrum around the knee region based on data from 2000 November to 2001 October observed by the Tibet-III air-shower array. In this paper, we present an updated result using…

The method of a determination of the Primary Cosmic Ray mass composition is presented. Data processing is based on the theoretical model representing the integral muon multiplicity spectrum as the superposition of the spectra corresponding…

The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with primary energies above 1.6 x 10^(18) eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector…

The accurate measurement of the Cosmic Ray (CR) nuclear composition around and above the Knee (~ 10^15.5 eV) has been difficult due to uncertainties inherent to the measurement techniques and/or dependence on hadronic Monte Carlo simulation…

In this paper, a probable interpretation of a remarkable fine structure of all particle spectra between the knee and the ankle, as well as a high content of heavy nuclei around 10^17 eV measured recently in Tunka-133 and KASCADE Grande…

This paper briefly summarizes the status of the cosmic ray observations by EAS (Extended Air Shower) experiments with energy below 10**16eV and the related studies of the hadronic interaction models. Based on the observed sharp knee…

The differential energy spectrum of the cosmic radiation from solar modulation energies up to 5x10**19 eV is correctly predicted by a recent theory of the knee and ankle which uses only one normalization point. This remarkable quantitative…

The lateral density data obtained for different secondaries of an extensive air shower (EAS) from an array of detectors are usually described by some suitable lateral density functions (LDFs). Analyzing non-vertical simulated EASs generated…

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is an array of 63 antennas located in the Tunka Valley, Siberia. It detects radio pulses in the 30-80 MHz band produced during the air-shower development. As shown by Tunka-Rex, a sparse radio array…