Related papers: Gamma-ray Bursts and Hypernovae
Last and nearest GRB-XRF 080109 has been an exceptional lesson on GRB nature. After a decade (since 25 April 08) we know that Supernovae may often contain a Jet. Its persistent activity may shine on axis as a GRBs. Such a persistent, thin…
Past studies suggest that long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have a standard energy of E_gamma ~ 10^51 erg in ultra-relativistic ejecta when corrected for asymmetry ("jets"). However, recently a group of sub-energetic bursts, including…
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are believed to originate in compact remnants (black holes or neutron stars) of massive stars. Their high luminosities make them detectable out to the edge of the visible universe. We describe the many advantages of…
Recent observations suggest that $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows are produced by jets of highly relativistic cannonballs (CBs), emitted in supernova (SN) explosions. The CBs, reheated by their collision with the shell, emit…
The recent progress in the understanding the physical nature of neutron star equilibrium configurations and the first observational evidence of a genuinely short gamma-ray burst, GRB 090227B, allows to give an estimate of the gravitational…
The properties of the cosmic Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are briefly summarized. A detailed bibliography is given with titles of the papers. Two fundamental theoretical problems are pointed out: the problem of the energy source, and the problem…
One of the most luminous explosions detected, gamma-ray bursts, especially the so-called long-duration bursts, most probably consist of an intrinsic core-collapse to a black hole inside a super massive star. We point out that this collapse…
Cosmological long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are thought to originate from the core collapse to black holes of stripped massive stars. Those with sufficient rotation form a centrifugally-supported torus whose collapse powers the GRB.…
Recent observations suggest that gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows are produced in star formation regions in distant galaxies by highly relativistic jets that happen to point in our direction. Relativistic beaming collimates the…
After many years of speculation, recent observations have confirmed the association of gamma-ray bursts with core-collapse supernova explosions from massive stars. This association carries with it important consequences. The burst…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright extragalactic flashes of gamma-ray radiation and briefly the most energetic explosions in the Universe. Their catastrophic origin (the merger of compact objects or the collapse of massive stars) drives the…
The chief distinction between ordinary supernovae and long-soft gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is the degree of differential rotation in the inner several solar masses when a massive star dies, and GRBs are rare mainly because of the difficulty…
Presently there are several classes of detected gamma-ray extragalatic sources. They are mostly associated to active galactic nuclei (AGN) and (at soft gamma rays) to gamma-ray bursts (GRB), but not only. Active galactic nuclei consist of…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous electromagnetic explosions in the Universe, which emit up to $8.8\times10^{54}$ erg isotropic equivalent energy in the hard X-ray band. The high luminosity makes them detectable out to the…
Within the framework of star formation in starburst galaxies undergoing interactions, connections among the red quasars, the BL Lacs, and the Blazars with the gamma-ray bursts are discussed in the light of the "hypernovae" scenario. It is…
Neutron star mergers can form a hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) remnant, which may be the engine of a short gamma ray burst (SGRB) before it collapses to a black hole, possibly several hundred milliseconds after the merger. During the…
Gamma-ray bursts are known to be sources of high-energy gamma rays, and are likely to be sources of high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. Following a short review of observations of GRBs at multi-MeV energies and above, the physics of…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are most intense transient gamma-ray events in the sky when they are on together with the strong evidences (i.e. the isotropic and inhomogeneous distribution of GRBs detected by BASTE) that they are located at…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most brilliant objects in the Universe but efforts to estimate the total energy released in the explosion -- a crucial physical quantity -- have been stymied by their unknown geometry: spheres or cones. We…
The discovery of the peculiar supernova (SN) 1998bw and its possible association with the gamma-ray burst (GRB) 980425$^{1,2,3}$ provide new clues to the understanding of the explosion mechanism of very massive stars and to the origin of…