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The Pioneer 10/11 missions, launched in 1972 and 1973, and their navigation are reviewed. Beginning in about 1980 an unmodeled force of ~ 8 x 10^{-8} cm/s^2 appeared in the tracking data, it later being verified. The cause remains unknown,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Martin Nieto

This paper proposes an explanation for the Pioneer anomaly: an unexplained Sunward acceleration of 8.74 +/- 1.33 x 10^-10 m s^-2 seen in the behaviour of the Pioneer probes. Two hypotheses are made: (1) Inertia is a reaction to Unruh…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-25 M. E. McCulloch

The twin Pioneer spacecraft have been tracked for over thirty years as they headed out of the solar system. After passing 20 AU from the Sun, both exhibited a systematic error in their trajectories that can be interpreted as a constant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Gary L. Page , David S. Dixon , John F. Wallin

The unexplained sunward acceleration $a_\mathrm{P}$ of the Pioneer 10 (P10) and the Pioneer 11 (P11) spacecraft remains a mystery. A scalar potential model (SPM) that derived from considerations of galaxy clusters, of redshift, and of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 John C. Hodge

The anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 is presented as a calculation using a simple optical model. The model is based on the bending of background gravity behind the Sun in the same way that light is bent by the Sun. Structures of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Russell Anania , Michael Makoid

Launched more than thirty years ago and now drifting in space with no further contact, the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft are currently at the center of a small but developing concern: are they under the influence of an anomalous acceleration…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 O. Bertolami , J. Páramos

The trajectories of test particles moving in the gravitational field of a non-spherically symmetric mass distribution become affected by the presence of multipole moments. In the case of hyperbolic trajectories, the quadrupole moment of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Hernando Quevedo

I perform an independent analysis of radio Doppler tracking data from the Pioneer 10 spacecraft for the time period 1987-1994. All of the tracking data were taken from public archive sources, and the analysis tools were developed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Craig B. Markwardt

In the last decades there have been an increasing interest in improving the accuracy of spacecraft navigation and trajectory data. In the course of this plan some anomalies have been found that cannot, in principle, be explained in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-02 L. Acedo , P. Piqueras , J. A. Moraño

A collection is made of presently unexplained phenomena within our Solar system and in the universe. These phenomena are (i) the Pioneer anomaly, (ii) the flyby anomaly, (iii) the increase of the Astronomical Unit, (iv) the quadrupole and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Lämmerzahl , O. Preuss , H. Dittus

We examine the Pioneer anomaly - a reported anomalous acceleration affecting the Pioneer 10/11, Galileo and Ulysses spacecrafts - in the context of a braneworld scenario. We show that effects due to the radion field cannot account for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 O. Bertolami , J. Páramos

In a previous work we showed that massive test particles exhibit a non-geodesic acceleration in a modified theory of gravity obtained by a non-commutative deformation of General Relativity (so-called Matrix Gravity). We propose that this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-10 Ivan G. Avramidi , Guglielmo Fucci

We investigate the possibility that the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft is due to the recoil force associated with an anisotropic emission of thermal radiation off the vehicles. To this end, relying on the project…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-06-13 Slava G. Turyshev , Viktor T. Toth , Gary Kinsella , Siu-Chun Lee , Shing M. Lok , Jordan Ellis

The possibility that the apparent anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft may be due, at least in part, to a chameleon field effect is examined. A small spacecraft, with no thin shell, can have a more pronounced anomalous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-07-24 John D. Anderson , J. R. Morris

This work proposes an explanation of the Pioneer anomaly, the unmodelled and as yet unexplained blueshift detected in the microwave signal of the Pioneer 10 and other spaceships by Anderson {\it et al} in 1998. What they observed is similar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Antonio F. Ranada

We present a methodology based on point-like Lambertian sources that enables one to perform a reliable and comprehensive estimate of the overall thermally induced acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. We show, by developing a…

Space Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Orfeu Bertolami , Frederico Francisco , Paulo J. S. Gil , Jorge Páramos

We propose here an explanation of the Pioneer anomaly which is not in conflict with the cartography of the solar system. In our model, the spaceship does not suffer any extra acceleration but follows the trajectory predicted by standard…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-03 Antonio F. Ranada , Alfredo Tiemblo

The reported anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 spacecraft of -8.5X10^{-10} m/s^2 (i.e. towards the sun) can be explained by a gravitational interaction on the S-band signals traveling between Pioneer 10 and the earth. The effect of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 David F. Crawford

From Doppler tracking data and data on circular motion of astronomical objects we obtain a metric of the Pioneer Anomaly. The metric resolves the issue of manifest absence of anomaly acceleration in orbits of the outer planets and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-08-14 I. A. Siutsou , L. M. Tomilchik

Anderson, et al., find the measured trajectories of Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft deviate from the trajectories computed from known forces acting on them. This unmodelled acceleration can be accounted for by non-isotropic radiation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Louis K. Scheffer