Related papers: Electron Abundance in Protostellar Cores
The aim of this study is to investigate systematic chemical differentiation of molecules in regions of high mass star formation. We observed five prominent sites of high mass star formation in HCN, HNC, HCO+, their isotopes, C18O, C34S and…
We investigate molecular evolution in a star-forming core that is initially a hydrostatic starless core and collapses to form a low-mass protostar. The results of a one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics calculation are adopted as a…
We used the APEX telescope to observe the 372 GHz o-H$_2$D$^+(J_{K_a,\,K_c}=1_{1,\,0}-1_{1,\,1})$ line towards three prestellar cores and three protostellar cores in Orion B9. We also employed our previous APEX observations of C$^{17}$O,…
Understanding the depletion of heavy elements is a fundamental step towards determining the structure of pre-protostellar cores just prior to collapse. We study the dependence of the NO abundance on position in the pre-protostellar cores…
The detection of complex organic molecules (COMs) toward cold sources such as pre-stellar cores (with T<10 K), has challenged our understanding of the formation processes of COMs in the interstellar medium. Recent modelling on COM chemistry…
We found that in regions of high mass star formation the CS emission correlates well with the dust continuum emission and is therefore a good tracer of the total mass while the N$_2$H$^+$ distribution is frequently very different. This is…
The present study aims to characterise the physical and chemical properties of the protostellar core Orion B9-SMM3. The APEX telescope was used to perform a follow-up molecular line survey of SMM3. The following species were identified from…
We present a study of chemistry toward 294 dense cores in 12 molecular clumps using the data obtained from the ALMA Survey of 70 $\mu \rm m$ dark High-mass clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). We identified 97 protostellar cores and 197…
We review the properties of low mass dense molecular cloud cores, including starless, prestellar, and Class 0 protostellar cores, as derived from observations. In particular we discuss them in the context of the current debate surrounding…
Photoionization cross sections and partial ion yields of Xe and XeF$_2$ from Xe 3d$_{5/2}$, Xe 3d$_{3/2}$, and F 1s subshells in the 660--740 eV range are compared to explore effects of the F ligands. The Xe 3d - $\epsilon$f continuum shape…
Recently discovered scattered light at 3-5 $\mu$m from low-mass cores (so-called "coreshine") reveals the presence of grains around 1 $\mu$m, which is larger than the grains found in the low-density interstellar medium. But only about half…
Isolated dense molecular cores are investigated to study the onset of complex organic molecule formation in interstellar ice. Sampling three cores with ongoing formation of low-mass stars (B59, B335, and L483) and one starless core (L694-2)…
The low-mass star formation evolutionary sequence is relatively well-defined both from observations and theoretical considerations. The first hydrostatic core is the first protostellar equilibrium object that is formed during the star…
Observations of low mass protostars which probe small enough size scales to be within likely CO depletion regions show the highest [NH2D]/[NH3] ratios yet measured, of 4--33%. These molecular D/H ratios are higher than those measured on…
Cold ($\sim$10 K) and dense ($\sim$10$^{5}$ cm$^{-3}$) cores of gas and dust within molecular clouds, known as starless and dynamically evolved prestellar cores, are the birthplaces of low-mass ($M$ $\leq$ few M$_\odot$) stars. As…
There is a robust polyatomic chemistry in diffuse, partially-molecular interstellar gas that is readily accessible in absorption at radio/mm/sub-mm wavelengths. Accurate column densities are derived owing to the weak internal excitation, so…
Chemical composition of the massive cores forming high-mass stars can put some constrains on the time scale of the massive star formation: sulphur chemistry is of specific interest due to its rapid evolution in warm gas and because the…
Infrared stellar photometry from 2MASS and spectral line imaging observations of 12CO and 13CO J = 1-0 line emission from the FCRAO 14m telescope are analysed to assess the variation of the CO abundance with physical conditions throughout…
We present a millimetre molecular line survey of seven high mass loss rate carbon stars in both the northern and southern skies. A total of 196 emission lines (47 transitions) from 24 molecular species were detected. The observed CO…
Low-energy cosmic rays are a fundamental source of ionization for molecular clouds, influencing their chemical, thermal and dynamical evolution. The purpose of this work is to explore the possibility that a low-energy component of…