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Migration of dense gaseous clumps that form in young protostellar disks via gravitational fragmentation is investigated to determine the likelihood of giant planet formation. High-resolution numerical hydrodynamics simulations in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Eduard I. Vorobyov , Vardan Elbakyan

There has been disagreement currently about whether cooling in protoplanetary disks can be sufficiently fast to induce the formation of gas giant protoplanets via gravitational instabilities. Simulations by our own group and others indicate…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Kai Cai , Megan K. Pickett , Richard H. Durisen , Anne M. Milne

Over 50 circumbinary exoplanets have been discovered in recent years, with several of them being gas giants on wide orbits ($>10$AU). The aim of this work is to investigate whether these planets can form through circumbinary disc…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 Matthew Teasdale , Dimitris Stamatellos

Circumplanetary disks can be found around forming giant planets, regardless of whether core accretion or gravitational instability built the planet. We carried out state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations of the circumplanetary disks for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 J. Szulágyi , L. Mayer , T. Quinn

We carry out global three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical simulations of self-gravitating accretion discs to determine if, and under what conditions, a disc may fragment to form giant planets. We explore the parameter space (in terms…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Farzana Meru , Matthew R. Bate

The observation of massive exoplanets at large separation from their host star, like in the HR 8799 system, challenges theories of planet formation. A possible formation mechanism involves the fragmentation of massive self-gravitating discs…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Clément Baruteau , Farzana Meru , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

We study the evolution of cold, gravitationally unstable protoplanetary gaseous disks performing 3D SPH simulations with up to a million particles on large parallel machines. We show that self-gravitating protoplanets can form in disks with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lucio Mayer , Thomas Quinn , James Wadsley , Joachim Stadel

The disk instability (DI) model for giant planet formation remains an attractive alternative in explaining the formation of giant planets at early times, giant planets at large radial distances, and giant planets orbiting M-stars. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-13 Ravit Helled , Oliver Schib , Christian Reinhardt , Noah Kubli , Lucio Mayer , Christoph Mordasini , Gabriele Cugno

Gravitationally unstable disks can fragment and form bound objects provided that their cooling time is short. In protoplanetary disks radiative cooling is likely to be too slow to permit formation of planets by fragmentation within several…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Roman R. Rafikov

We use resistive magnetohydrodynamical simulations with the nested grid technique to study the formation of protoplanetary disks around protostars from molecular cloud cores that provide the realistic environments for planet formation. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Masahiro N. Machida , Tomoaki Matsumoto

Observations support the hypothesis that gas disk gravitational instability might explain the formation of massive or wide-orbit gas giant exoplanets. The situation with regard to Jupiter-mass exoplanets orbiting within $\sim$ 20 au is more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 Alan P. Boss

Circumstellar discs likely have a short window when they are self-gravitating and prone to the effects of disc instability, but during this time the seeds of planet formation can be sown. It has long been argued that disc fragmentation can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-31 Hans Baehr

Planetary systems form in gas-dust protoplanetary discs via the growth of solid bodies. In this paper, we show that the most intriguing stage of such growth --- namely, the transformation of 1-10 m boulders into kilometre-sized…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Valeriy N. Snytnikov , Olga P. Stoyanovskaya

We present a suite of three dimensional radiative gravitational hydrodynamics models suggesting that binary stars may be quite capable of forming planetary systems similar to our own. The new models with binary companions do not employ any…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-08 A. P. Boss

A new suite of three dimensional radiative, gravitational hydrodynamical models is used to show that gas giant planets are unlikely to form by the disk instability mechanism at distances of ~100 AU to ~200 AU from young stars. A similar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 Alan P. Boss

Gravitational instability (GI) has long been considered a viable pathway for giant planet formation in protoplanetary disks (PPDs), especially at wide orbital separations or around low-mass stars where core accretion faces significant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-24 Yang Ni , Hongping Deng , Xue-Ning Bai

The terrestrial planets are believed to have formed by violent collisions of tens of lunar- to Mars-size protoplanets at time t<200 Myr after the protoplanetary gas disk dispersal (t_0). The solar system giant planets rapidly formed during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-13 David Nesvorny , Fernando V. Roig , Rogerio Deienno

Planet formation is directly linked to the birthing environment that protoplanetary disks provide. The disk properties determine whether a giant planet will form and how it evolves. The number of exoplanet and disk observations is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-08 Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

We examine a physical process that leads to the efficient formation of gas giant planets around intermediate mass stars. In the gaseous protoplanetary disks surrounding rapidly-accreting intermediate-mass stars we show that the midplane…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 K. A. Kretke , D. N. C. Lin , P. Garaud , N. J. Turner

Intermediate mass planets, from Super-Earth to Neptune-sized bodies, are the most common type of planets in the galaxy. The prevailing theory of planet formation, core-accretion, predicts significantly fewer intermediate-mass giant planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-16 Hongping Deng , Lucio Mayer , Ravit Helled