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We describe an improved, practical method for constructing galaxy models that match an arbitrary set of observational constraints, without prior assumptions about the phase-space distribution function (DF). Our method is an extension of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Nicolas Cretton , P. Tim de Zeeuw , Roeland P. van der Marel , Hans-Walter Rix

(ABRIDGED) We present a new Schwarzschild orbit-superposition code designed to model discrete datasets composed of velocities of individual kinematic tracers in a dynamical system. This constitutes an extension of previous implementations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Julio Chanamé , Jan Kleyna , Roeland van der Marel

The present-day response of a Galactic disc stellar population to a non-axisymmetric perturbation of the potential has previously been computed through perturbation theory within the phase-space coordinates of the unperturbed axisymmetric…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-30 Giacomo Monari , Benoit Famaey , Jean-Baptiste Fouvry , James Binney

Distribution functions (DFs) for dynamically warm thin stellar disks residing in arbitrary axisymmetric potentials are presented which approximately reproduce pre-described surface-density and velocity-dispersion profiles. The functional…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Walter Dehnen

We construct axisymmetric and triaxial galaxy models with a phase-space distribution function that depends on linear combinations of the three exact integrals of motion for a separable potential. These Abel models, first introduced by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. van de Ven , P. T. de Zeeuw , R. C. E. van den Bosch

We describe a practical method for constructing axisymmetric two-integral galaxy models (with distribution functions of the form f(E,L_z), in which E is the orbital energy, and L_z is the vertical component of the angular momentum), based…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. K. Verolme , P. T. de Zeeuw

Precise modeling of extended sources is a central challenge in modern optical engineering, laser physics, and computational lithography. Unlike ideal point sources or completely incoherent thermal radiation sources, real-world light sources…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-09 Rongqi Shang , Donglin Ma

A simple numerical scheme is presented for the construction of three-integral phase-space distribution functions for oblate galaxy models with a gravitational potential of St\"{a}ckel form, and an arbitrary axisymmetric luminous density…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 F. H. A. Robijn , P. T. de Zeeuw

We address the problem of reconstructing the phase-space distribution function for an extended collisionless system, with known density profile and in equilibrium within an axisymmetric gravitational potential. Assuming that it depends on…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-02-20 Mihael Petac , Piero Ullio

Signal predictions for galactic dark matter (DM) searches often rely on assumptions on the DM phase-space distribution function (DF) in halos. This applies to both particle (e.g. $p$-wave suppressed or Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-25 Mihael Petač , Julien Lavalle , Arturo Núñez-Castiñeyra , Emmanuel Nezri

An extension of Schwarzschild's galaxy-building technique is presented that, for the first time, enables one to build Schwarzschild models with known distribution functions (DFs). The new extension makes it possible to combine a DF that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Ralf M. Hafner , N. Wyn Evans , Walter Dehnen , James Binney

A technique for the construction of axisymmetric distribution functions for individual galaxies is presented. It starts from the observed surface bright- ness distribution, which is deprojected to gain the axisymmetric luminosity density,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Walter Dehnen

A general method is presented for constructing distribution functions for flat systems whose surface density and Toomre's Q number profile is given. The purpose of these functions is to provide plausible galactic models and assess their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Pichon , D. Lynden-Bell

We use oblate axisymmetric dynamical models including dark halos to determine the orbital structure of intermediate mass to massive Coma early-type galaxies. We find a large variety of orbital compositions. Averaged over all sample galaxies…

We numerically investigate non-Gaussianities in the late-time cosmological density field in Fourier space. We explore various statistics, including the two-point and three-point probability distribution function (PDF) of phase and modulus,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-14 Jian Qin , Jun Pan , Yu Yu , Pengjie Zhang

We test the ability of Schwarzschild's orbit superposition method in measuring the mass content, scale radius and shape of a flattened dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Until now, most dynamical model efforts have assumed that dwarf spheroidal…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-12-11 Jorrit H. J. Hagen , Amina Helmi , Maarten A. Breddels

We develop a novel method to simultaneously determine the vertical potential, force and stellar $z-v_z$ phase space distribution function (DF) in our local patch of the Galaxy. We assume that the Solar Neighborhood can be treated as a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-17 Haochuan Li , Lawrence M. Widrow

In this paper, we study the spherical cardioid distribution, a higher-dimensional and higher-order generalization of the circular cardioid distribution. This distribution is rotationally symmetric and generates unimodal, multimodal, axial,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-23 Eduardo García-Portugués

We investigate how accurately phase space distribution functions (DFs) in galactic models can be reconstructed by a made-to-measure (M2M) method, which constructs $N$-particle models of stellar systems from photometric and various kinematic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-08-24 Hiromichi Tagawa , Naoteru Gouda , Taihei Yano , Takuji Hara

We model mock observations of collisionless N-body disc-disc mergers with an axisymmetric orbit superposition program that has been used to model Coma ellipticals. The remnants sample representatively the shapes of disc-disc mergers…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Thomas , R. Jesseit , T. Naab , R. P. Saglia , A. Burkert , R. Bender
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