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BL Lacertae is a blazar known for its high flux variability and occasional broadband flares of unknown origin. It was in an extended flaring state from July 2020 until the end of 2021, making it an ideal candidate to study spectral and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 A. Priyana Noel , Alicja Wierzcholska , Raj Prince

Blazars are the most violent steady/recurrent sources of high-energy gamma-ray emission in the known Universe. They are prominent emitters of electromagnetic radiation throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum. The observable radiation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Markus Boettcher

We carried out multi-color optical monitoring of a sample of ten blazars from 2005 to 2011. The sample contains 3 LBLs, 2 IBLs, 4 HBLs, and 1 FSRQ. Our monitoring focused on the long-term variability and the sample included nine BL Lac…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-08 Nankun Meng , Xiaoyuan Zhang , Jianghua Wu , Jun Ma , Xu Zhou

The multiwavelength spectrum of BL Lacertae during its July 1997 outburst is analyzed in terms of different variations of the homogeneous leptonic jet model for the production of high-energy radiation from blazars. We find that a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-14 M. Boettcher , S. D. Bloom

Time-variable polarization is an extremely valuable observational tool to probe the dynamical physical conditions of blazar jets. Since 2008, we have been monitoring the flux and linear polarization of a sample of gamma-ray bright blazars…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-04 Alan P. Marscher , Svetlana G. Jorstad

Blazars are thought to emit highly-collimated outflows, so-called jets. By their close alignment to our line of sight, relativistic beaming effects enable us to observe these jets over the whole electromagnetic spectrum up to TeV energies,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-08-20 Robert Wagner

In this work we investigate the nature of multi-wavelength variability of blazars from a purely numerical approach. We use a time-dependent one-zone leptonic blazar emission model to simulate multi-wavelength variability by introducing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-09 Hannes Thiersen , Michael Zacharias , Markus Böttcher

Blazars are beamed active galactic nuclei known for their strong multi-wavelength variability on timescales from years down to minutes. We aim to investigate the suitability of the twisting jet model presented in previous works to explain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-03 C. M. Raiteri , M. Villata , M. I. Carnerero , S. O. Kurtanidze , D. O. Mirzaqulov , E. Benítez , G. Bonnoli , D. Carosati , J. A. Acosta-Pulido , I. Agudo , T. S. Andreeva , G. Apolonio , R. Bachev , G. A. Borman , V. Bozhilov , L. F. Brown , W. Carbonell , C. Casadio , W. P. Chen , G. Damljanovic , S. A. Ehgamberdiev , D. Elsaesser , J. Escudero , M. Feige , A. Fuentes , D. Gabellini , K. Gazeas , M. Giroletti , T. S. Grishina , A. C. Gupta , M. A. Gurwell , V. A. Hagen-Thorn , G. M. Hamed , D. Hiriart , M. Hodges , R. Z. ivanidze , D. V. Ivanov , M. D. Joner , S. G. Jorstad , M. D. Jovanovic , S. Kiehlmann , G. N. Kimeridze , E. N. Kopatskaya , Yu. A. Kovalev , Y. Y. Kovalev , O. M. Kurtanidze , A. Kurtenkov , E. G. Larionova , A. Lessing , H. C. Lin , J. M. López , C. Lorey , J. Ludwig , N. Marchili , A. Marchini , A. P. Marscher , K. Matsumoto , W. Max-Moerbeck , B. Mihov , M. Minev , M. G. Mingaliev , A. Modaressi , D. A. Morozova , F. Mortari , T. V. Mufakharov , I. Myserlis , M. G. Nikolashvili , T. J. Pearson , A. V. Popkov , I. A. Rahimov , A. C. S. Readhead , D. Reinhart , R. Reeves , S. Righini , F. D. Romanov , S. S. Savchenko , E. Semkov , E. V. Shishkina , L. A. Sigua , L. Slavcheva-Mihova , Yu. V. Sotnikova , R. Steineke , M. Stojanovic , A. Strigachev , A. Takey , E. Traianou , Yu. V. Troitskaya , I. S. Troitskiy , A. L. Tsai , A. Valcheva , A. A. Vasilyev , G. Verna , O. Vince , K. Vrontaki , Z. R. Weaver , J. Webb , Q. X. Yuldoshev , E. Zaharieva , A. V. Zhovtan

Blazars are highly variable sources over timescales that can be as low as minutes. This is the case of the High Energy Peaked BL Lac (HBL) objects showing strong variability in X-rays, which highly correlate with that of the TeV emission.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 I. Donnarumma , A. Tramacere , S. Turriziani , L. Costamante , R. Campana , A. De Rosa , E. Bozzo

Blazars exhibit flux and spectral variations of largest amplitude at the highest frequencies. Therefore, monitoring their variability at X- and gamma-rays is the most effective tool to peer into the mighty powerhouse of these sources. High…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Elena Pian

We have organized an extensive multiwavelength campaign on BL Lacertae in the second half of 2000. Simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous observations were taken at radio frequencies, in the optical - carried out by the WEBT collaboration -, in…

Blazars are characterized by rapid variability at virtually all wavelengths from radio through TeV gamma-rays. The challenge since their discovery has been to understand the origin of their luminous, apparently nonthermal, nuclear emission.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Megan Urry

Blazars, a subset of powerful active galactic nuclei, feature relativistic jets that shine in a broadband electromagnetic radiation, e. g. from radio to TeV emission. Here I present the results of the studies that explore gamma-ray and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-18 Gopal Bhatta

The GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) monitored BL Lacertae in 2008-2009 at radio, near-IR, and optical frequencies. During this period, high-energy observations were performed by XMM-Newton,…

Active galactic nuclei come in many varieties. A minority of them are radio-loud, and exhibit two opposite prominent plasma jets extending from the proximity of the supermassive black hole up to megaparsec distances. When one of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-14 Claudia M. Raiteri , Massimo Villata

Comprehensive VLBI and multi-waveband monitoring indicate that a single superluminal knot can cause a number of gamma-ray flares at different locations. However, the often very rapid variability timescale is a challenge to theoretical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-01 Alan P. Marscher , Svetlana G. Jorstad

Blazars are a class of jet-dominated active galactic nuclei with a typical double-humped spectral energy distribution. It is of common consensus the Synchrotron emission to be responsible for the low frequency peak, while the origin of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-22 Riccardo Middei , Ioannis Liodakis , Matteo Perri , Simonetta Puccetti , Elisabetta Cavazzuti , Laura Di Gesu , Steven R. Ehlert , Grzegorz Madejski , Alan P. Marscher , Herman L. Marshall , Fabio Muleri , Michela Negro , Svetlana G. Jorstad , Beatriz Agís-González , Iván Agudo , Giacomo Bonnoli , Maria I. Bernardos , Víctor Casanova , Maya García-Comas , César Husillos , Alessandro Marchini , Alfredo Sota , Pouya M. Kouch , George A. Borman , Evgenia N. Kopatskaya , Elena G. Larionova , Daria A. Morozova , Sergey S. Savchenko , Andrey A. Vasilyev , Alexey V. Zhovtan , Carolina Casadio , Juan Escudero , Ioannis Myserlis , Antonio Hales , Seiji Kameno , Ruediger Kneissl , Hugo Messias , Hiroshi Nagai , Dmitry Blinov , Ioakeim G. Bourbah , Sebastian Kiehlmann , Evangelos Kontopodis , Nikos Mandarakas , Stylianos Romanopoulos , Raphael Skalidis , Anna Vervelaki , Joseph R. Masiero , Dimitri Mawet , Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer , Georgia V. Panopoulou , Samaporn Tinyanont , Andrei V. Berdyugin , Masato Kagitani , Vadim Kravtsov , Takeshi Sakanoi , Ryo Imazawa , Mahito Sasada , Yasushi Fukazawa , Koji S. Kawabata , Makoto Uemura , Tsunefumi Mizuno , Tatsuya Nakaoka , Hiroshi Akitaya , Mark Gurwell , Ramprasad Rao , Niccoló Di Lalla , Nicoló Cibrario , Immacolata Donnarumma , Dawoon E. Kim , Nicola Omodei , Luigi Pacciani , Juri Poutanen , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Lucio A. Antonelli , Matteo Bachetti , Luca Baldini , Wayne H. Baumgartner , Ronaldo Bellazzini , Stefano Bianchi , Stephen D. Bongiorno , Raffaella Bonino , Alessandro Brez , Niccoló Bucciantini , Fiamma Capitanio , Simone Castellano , Stefano Ciprini , Enrico Costa , Alessandra De Rosa , Ettore Del Monte , Alessandro Di Marco , Victor Doroshenko , Michal Dovčiak , Teruaki Enoto , Yuri Evangelista , Sergio Fabiani , Riccardo Ferrazzoli , Javier A. Garcia , Shuichi Gunji , Kiyoshi Hayashida , Jeremy Heyl , Wataru Iwakiri , Vladimir Karas , Takao Kitaguchi , Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak , Henric Krawczynski , Fabio La Monaca , Luca Latronico , Simone Maldera , Alberto Manfreda , Frédéric Marin , Andrea Marinucci , Francesco Massaro , Giorgio Matt , Ikuyuki Mitsuishi , C. -Y. Ng , Stephen L. O'Dell , Chiara Oppedisano , Alessandro Papitto , George G. Pavlov , Abel L. Peirson , Melissa Pesce-Rollins , Pierre-Olivier Petrucci , Maura Pilia , Andrea Possenti , Brian D. Ramsey , John Rankin , Ajay Ratheesh , Roger W. Romani , Carmelo Sgró , Patrick Slane , Paolo Soffitta , Gloria Spandre , Toru Tamagawa , Roberto Taverna , Yuzuru Tawara , Allyn F. Tennant , Nicholas E. Thomas , Francesco Tombesi , Alessio Trois , Sergey Tsygankov , Roberto Turolla , Jacco Vink , Martin C. Weisskopf , Kinwah Wu , Fei Xie , Silvia Zane

Results from recent multiwavelength observations of blazars are reviewed, with particular emphasis on those involving the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). I discuss blazars' spectral energy distributions, their correlated variability at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rita M. Sambruna

We observed the prototype blazar, BL Lacertae, extensively in optical and radio bands during an active phase in the period 2010--2013 when the source showed several prominent outbursts. We searched for possible correlations and time lags…

BL Lacertae is a unique blazar for which the X-ray band can cover either the synchrotron or the inverse Compton, or both parts of the broadband spectral energy distribution. In the latter case, when the spectral upturn is located in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-30 Alicja Wierzcholska , Stefan Wagner