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The increasing precision of planetary mass and radius observations is bringing major questions about the structure and formation of planets--such as the nature of the radius valley and origin of super-Mercuries--within reach, demanding the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-29 Bennett Neil Skinner , Ralph E. Pudritz , Ryan Cloutier

The existence of possible early oceans in the northern hemisphere of Mars has been researched and debated for decades. The nature of the early martian climate is still somewhat mysterious, but evidence for one or more early oceans implies…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Mark Baum , Steven Sholes , Andrew Hwang

We compare the number of lunar craters larger than 15 km across and younger than 1.1 Ga to the estimates of the number of craters that could have been formed for 1.1 Ga if the number of near-Earth objects and their orbital elements during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-03 S. I. Ipatov , E. A. Feoktistova , V. V. Svettsov

The decay of the martian atmosphere - which is dominated by carbon dioxide - is a component of the long-term environmental change on Mars from a climate that once allowed rivers to flow to the cold and dry conditions of today. The minimum…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-12 Edwin S. Kite , Jean-Pierre Williams , Antoine Lucas , Oded Aharonson

We formulate the lunar cratering distribution and verify the cratering asymmetries generated by the main-belt asteroids (MBAs) as well as the near-Earth objects (NEOs). Based on a planar model that excludes the terrestrial and lunar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-12 Nan Wang , Ji-Lin Zhou

The layered polar caps of Mars have long been thought to be related to variations in orbit and axial tilt. We dynamically link Mars's past climate variations with the stratigraphy and isotopic composition of its ice by modeling the exchange…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-27 Eran Vos , Oded Aharonson , Norbert Schorghofer

Resolved surveys of the Milky Way's stellar halo can obtain all 6 phase space coordinates of tens of thousands of individual stars, making it possible to compute their 3-dimensional orbits. Spectral analysis of large numbers of halo orbits…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Monica Valluri

The statistical model proposed in an accompanying paper is generalized to treat multiport scattering problems. Attention is first focused on two-port lossless systems and the model is shown to be consistent with Random Matrix Theory. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xing Zheng , Thomas M. Antonsen , Edward Ott

We discuss the statistics of tunnelling rates in the presence of chaotic classical dynamics. This applies to resonance widths in chaotic metastable wells and to tunnelling splittings in chaotic symmetric double wells. The theory is based on…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-01-23 Stephen C. Creagh , Niall D. Whelan

Crater chronologies are a fundamental tool to assess relative and absolute ages of planetary surfaces when direct radiometric dating is not available. Martian crater chronologies are derived from lunar crater spatial densities on terrains…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-24 Simone Marchi

We present a new database of $>$300 layer-orientations from sedimentary mounds on Mars. These layer orientations, together with draped landslides, and draping of rocks over differentially-eroded paleo-domes, indicate that for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-03 Edwin S. Kite , Jonathan Sneed , David P. Mayer , Kevin W. Lewis , Timothy I. Michaels , Alicia Hore , Scot C. R. Rafkin

The distribution of small planet radius ($<$4 R$_\oplus$) is an indicator of the underlying processes governing planet formation and evolution. We investigate the correlation between the radius distribution of exoplanets in \textit{Kepler}…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-29 David R. Rice , Jason H. Steffen , Allona Vazan

The cumulative size-frequency distributions of impact craters on planetary bodies in the solar system appear to approximate a universal inverse square power-law for small crater radii. In this article, we show how this distribution can be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Gary W. Gibbons , Marcus C. Werner

Pluto and its satellites will be the most distant objects ever reconnoitered when NASA's New Horizons spacecraft conducts its intensive flyby of this system in 2015. The size-frequency distribution (SFD) of craters on the surfaces in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 S. Alan Stern , Simon Porter , Amanda Zangari

This study determined the contribution of Martian topography and the density jump at the Mohorovicic discontinuity (M) to the gravity in a quadratic approximation. It also resolved the problem of determining the possible depths of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-02-13 N. A. Chuikova , L. P. Nasonova , T. G. Maximova

In quantum chaos, the spectral statistics generally follows the predictions of Random Matrix Theory (RMT). A notable exception is given by scar states, that enhance probability density around unstable periodic orbits of the classical…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2022-07-19 Domenico Lippolis

The dynamics of Mars' obliquity are believed to be chaotic, and the historical ~3.5 Gyr (late-Hesperian onward) obliquity probability density function (PDF) is high uncertain and cannot be inferred from direct simulation alone. Obliquity is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-19 Samuel J. Holo , Edwin S. Kite , Stuart J. Robbins

Recently it could be shown ( that the impact crater size-frequency distribution of Pluto (based on an analysis of first images obtained by the recent New Horizons flyby) follows a power law alpha = 2.4926 in the interval of diameter (D)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-16 L. Zaninetti , F. Scholkmann

Mark correlations provide a systematic approach to look at objects both distributed in space and bearing intrinsic information, for instance on physical properties. The interplay of the objects' properties (marks) with the spatial…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Claus Beisbart , Martin Kerscher , Klaus Mecke

Mars' tadpole craters are small, young craters whose crater rims are incised by one or more exit breaches but lack visible inlets. The tadpole forming climate records the poorly understood drying of Mars since the Early Hesperian. A third…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 Alexandra O. Warren , Sharon A. Wilson , Alan Howard , Axel Noblet , Edwin S. Kite