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Related papers: Formation and Migration of Trans-Neptunian Objects

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With perihelia well beyond Neptune, but semimajor axes and eccentricities indicative of substantial perturbation, the origins of detached trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) remain a dynamical puzzle. In particular, detached TNOs with orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Nathan A. Kaib , Chadwick A. Trujillo , Scott S. Sheppard

The orbits of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) can indicate the existence of an undiscovered planet in the outer solar system. Here, we used N-body computer simulations to investigate the effects of a hypothetical Kuiper Belt planet (KBP) on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-29 Patryk Sofia Lykawka , Takashi Ito

Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with large perihelion distances ($q > 60$ au) and semi-major axes ($a > 200$ au) provide insights into the early evolution of the solar system and the existence of a hypothetical distant planet. These objects…

Discovery of transneptunian object (TNO) satellites and determination of their orbits has recently enabled estimation of the size and albedo of several small TNOs, extending the size range of objects having known size and albedo down into…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 W. M. Grundy , K. S. Noll , D. C. Stephens

Thousands of small bodies, known as trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), orbit the Sun beyond Neptune. TNOs are remnants of the planets' formation from a disc of gas and dust, so it is puzzling that they move mostly on eccentric orbits inclined…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-10 Susanne Pfalzner , Frank W. Wagner , Paul Gibbon

The planets of our solar system formed from a gas-dust disk. However, there are some properties of the solar system that are peculiar in this context. First, the cumulative mass of all objects beyond Neptune (TNOs) is only a fraction of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-15 Susanne Pfalzner , Asmita Bhandare , Kirsten Vincke , Pedro Lacerda

[Condensed] We search 0.02 deg^2 for trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with m<=29.2 (diameter ~15 km) using the ACS on HST. Three new objects are discovered, roughly 25 times fewer than expected from extrapolation of the differential sky…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. M. Bernstein , D. E. Trilling , R. L. Allen , M. E. Brown , M. Holman , R. Malhotra

Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) in the outer Solar System are predominantly small, icy worlds long presumed to be atmosphereless except for the largest bodies. Until now, Pluto has been unique among TNOs in exhibiting a substantial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Ko Arimatsu , Fumi Yoshida , Tsutomu Hayamizu , Satoshi Takita , Katsumasa Hosoi , Takafumi Ootsubo , Jun-ichi Watanabe

Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) in the scattered disk with 50 < a < 100 au are thought to cluster near Neptune's n:1 resonances (e.g: 3:1, 4:1, and so on). While these objects spend lengthy periods of time at large heliocentric distances, if…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Matthew S. Clement , Scott S. Sheppard

The dependences of inclinations of orbits of secondaries in the discovered trans-Neptunian binaries on the distance between the primary and the secondary, on the eccentricity of orbits of the secondary around the primary, on the ratio of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-17 S. I. Ipatov

Within the dynamically cold low inclination portion of the Classical Kuiper Belt, there exists a population of weakly bound binary systems with a number of unusual properties; most notable of which is their extremely wide orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-28 Hunter M. Campbell , Lukas R. Stone , Nathan A. Kaib

Unlike the Solar System planets, thousands of smaller bodies beyond Neptune orbit the Sun on eccentric ($e >$ 0.1) and ($i>$ 3$^\circ$) orbits. While migration of the giant planets during the early stages of Solar System evolution can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-06 Susanne Pfalzner , Amith Govind , Simon Portegies Zwart

The Scattered Disk Objects (SDOs) are a population of trans-Neptunian bodies with semimajor axes $50< a \lesssim 1000$ au and perihelion distances $q \gtrsim 30$ au. The detached SDOs with orbits beyond the reach of Neptune (roughly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-23 David Nesvorny , Pedro Bernardinelli , David Vokrouhlicky , Konstantin Batygin

The small solar-system bodies that reside between 30 and 50 AU are often referred to as the Trans Neptunian Objects, or TNOs. A far-infrared (FIR) mission with survey capabilities, like the prospective Cryogenic Aperture Large Infrared…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 J. M. Bauer , P. F. Goldsmith , C. M. Bradford , A. J. Lovell

A distant, massive planet in the outer solar system has recently been proposed to explain some observed features of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Here we use N-body simulations of the formation of the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-13 Kalee E. Anderson , Nathan A. Kaib

The widely-separated, near-equal mass binaries hosted by the cold Classical Kuiper Belt are delicately bound and subject to disruption by many perturbing processes. We use analytical arguments and numerical simulations to determine their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Alex H. Parker , J. J. Kavelaars

The Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) may preserve evidence of planet building in their orbital and size-distributions. While all populations show steep size-distributions for large objects, recently relative deficit of Neptunian Trojans and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-30 Mike Alexandersen , Brett Gladman , J. J. Kavelaars , Jean-Marc Petit , Stephen Gwyn , Cory Shankman

It is a well-known fact that the presence of a massive perturber interacting with a population of minor bodies following very eccentric orbits can strongly affect the distribution of their nodal distances. The details of this process have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-08 C. de la Fuente Marcos , R. de la Fuente Marcos

The history of the outer solar system is intrinsically related to the Giant Planets migration. A massive disk of material within a radius of 30~au was scattered during the planetary migration, creating different dynamic populations in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-05 Felipe Braga-Ribas , Frederic Vachier , Josselin Desmars , Giuliano Margoti , Bruno Sicardy