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The complex structure of the light curves of Swift GRBs has made their interpretation and that of the blast wave caused by the burst, more difficult than in the pre-Swift era. We aim to constrain the blast wave parameters: electron energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-06-25 P. A. Curran , A. J. van der Horst , R. L. C. Starling , R. A. M. J. Wijers

There exists an inevitable scatter in intrinsic luminosity of Gamma Ray Bursts(GRBs). If there is relativistic beaming in the source, viewing angle variation necessarily introduces variation in the intrinsic luminosity function(ILF).…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-23 Shreya Banerjee , David Eichler , Dafne Guetta

We investigate how the angular structure of GRB jets effects the afterglow light curves at different viewing angles, $\theta_{v}$, from the jet symmetry axis. A numerical hydrodynamical modeling for the evolution of a relativistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jonathan Granot , Pawan Kumar , Tsvi Piran

HETE-2 has provided strong evidence that the properties of X-Ray Flashes (XRFs), X-ray-rich GRBs, and GRBs form a continuum, and therefore that these three kinds of bursts are the same phenomenon. A key feature found by HETE-2 is that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 D. Q. Lamb , T. Q. Donaghy , C. Graziani

Context. Research over the past three decades has revolutionized cosmology while supporting the standard cosmological model. However, the cosmological principle of Universal homogeneity and isotropy has always been in question, since…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-08 Istvan Horvath , Jon Hakkila , Zsolt Bagoly

A structured gamma-ray burst jet could explain the dimness of the prompt emission observed from GRB$\,170817$A but the exact form of this structure is still ambiguous. However, with the promise of future joint gravitational wave and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-18 Fergus Hayes , Ik Siong Heng , John Veitch , Daniel Williams

A possible unified model of short and long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), X-ray rich GRBs, and X-ray flashes is proposed. It is assumed that the jet of a GRB consists of many emitting sub-shells (i.e., an inhomogeneous jet model). The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ryo Yamazaki , Kunihito Ioka , Takashi Nakamura , Kenji Toma

Here we calculate the GRB afterglow light curves from a relativistic jet as seen by observers at a wide range of viewing angles from the jet axis, and the jet is uniform or non-uniform. We find that, for uniform jet the afterglow light…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. M. Wei , Z. P. Jin

The discovery of GRB 170817A, the first unambiguous off-axis short gamma-ray burst arising from a neutron star merger, has challenged our understanding of the angular structure of relativistic jets. Studies of the jet propagation usually…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-06 Gerardo Urrutia , Fabio De Colle , Ariadna Murguia-Berthier , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

We propose a possible unified model of short and long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), X-ray rich GRBs, and X-ray flashes. The jet of a GRB is assumed to consist of multiple sub-jets or sub-shells (i.e., an inhomogeneous jet model). The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 Ryo Yamazaki , Kunihito Ioka , Takashi Nakamura , Kenji Toma

We consider a gamma-ray burst (GRB) model based on an anisotropic fireball with an axisymmetric power-law distribution of the energy per solid angle with index -k, and allow for the observer's viewing direction being at an arbitrary angle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Bing Zhang , Peter Meszaros

The jet breaks in the afterglow lightcurves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), rarely detected so far, are crucial for estimating the half-opening angles of the ejecta ($\theta_{\rm j}$) and hence the neutron star merger rate. In this work…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-05-02 Zhi-Ping Jin , Xiang Li , Hao Wang , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Hao-Ning He , Qiang Yuan , Fu-Wen Zhang , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Yi-Zhong Fan , Da-Ming Wei

The observational follow-up campaign of the gravitational wave (GW) multi-messenger event GW170817/GRB170817A has shown that the prompt $\gamma$-rays are consistent with a relativistic structured jet observed from a wide viewing angle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-19 E. J. Howell , K. Ackley , A. Rowlinson , D. Coward

Even though the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is highly beamed, high-latitude emission still produces a distinct light curve break after the intrinsic emission ceases and the edge of the jet comes into view. This curvature…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhen-Yu Yan , Xiao-Hong Zhao , Hendrik J. van Eerten , Jun Yang , Jiang-Chuan Tuo , Shu-Xu Yi , Chen-Wei Wang , Wen-Jun Tan , Shao-Lin Xiong , Bin-Bin Zhang

We show that the jet structure of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be investigated with the tail emission of the prompt GRB. The tail emission which we consider is identified as a steep-decay component of the early X-ray afterglow observed by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Kentaro Takami , Ryo Yamazaki , Takanori Sakamoto , Goro Sato

The complex structure of the light curves of Swift GRBs has made the identification of breaks, and the interpretation of the blast wave caused by the burst, more difficult than in the pre-Swift era. We aim to identify breaks, which are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-28 P. A. Curran , R. L. C. Starling , A. J. van der Horst , R. A. M. J. Wijers

The short gamma-ray burst (sGRB), GRB~170817A, is often considered a rare event. However, its inferred event rate, $\mathcal{O}(100s)\ \text{Gpc}^{-3}\ \text{yr}^{-1}$, exceeds cosmic sGRB rate estimates from high-redshift samples by an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-26 E. J. Howell , E. Burns , A. Goldstein

HETE-2 has confirmed the connection between GRBs and Type Ic supernovae. Thus we now know that the progenitors of long GRBs are massive stars. HETE-2 has also provided strong evidence that the properties of X-Ray Flashes (XRFs) and GRBs…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Q. Lamb , T. Q. Donaghy , C. Graziani

We use high--quality, multi-band observations of Swift GRB120404A, from gamma-ray to radio frequencies, together with the new hydrodynamics code of van Eerten et al. (2012) to test the standard synchrotron shock model. The evolution of the…

While the possible roles of GRBs' progenitors as Gravitational Waves (GW) sources have been extensively studied, little attention has been given to the jet itself as a GW source. We expect the jet's acceleration to produce a GW Memory…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-01-21 Ofek Birnholtz , Tsvi Piran