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This paper reviews recent progress in the field of direct measurements of Galactic cosmic rays. High-statistic measurements of cosmic ray energy spectra, chemical and isotopic composition, and the rare antimatter components have been made…
Image matching is a fundamental problem in Computer Vision with direct applications in robotics, remote sensing, and geospatial data analysis. We present an analytical and experimental evaluation of classical local feature-based image…
Low-light-level imaging techniques have application in many diverse fields, ranging from biological sciences to security. We demonstrate a single-photon imaging system based on a time-gated inten- sified CCD (ICCD) camera in which the image…
Confocal microscopy of colloids combined with digital image processing has become a powerful tool in soft matter physics and materials science. Together, these techniques enable locating and tracking of more than half a million individual…
The understanding of the nature of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is one of the most intriguing open questions for current and future observatories. These particles are expected to be accelerated in extragalactic sources. Because of their…
We consider the process of scattering of Galactic cosmic-ray electrons and protons off of dark matter with the radiation of a final-state photon. This process provides a novel way to search for Galactic dark matter with gamma rays. We argue…
Circumstellar disks play a key role in the understanding of stellar systems. Direct imaging of such extended structures is a challenging task. Current post-processing techniques, first tailored for exoplanets imaging, tend to produce…
[Abridged] Detecting cosmic ray hits (cosmics) in fiber-fed IFS data of single exposures is a challenging task, because of the complex signal recorded by IFS instruments. Existing detection algorithms are commonly found to be unreliable in…
We present a data-driven technique to analyze multifrequency images from upcoming cosmological surveys mapping large sky area. Using full information from the data at the two-point level, our method can simultaneously constrain the…
The exploration of cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles originate from space and the atmosphere, has historically been associated with particle physics and astrophysics. In the last 20 years, these particles have evolved into…
Lucky imaging is a high-resolution astronomical image recovery technique with two classic implementation algorithms, i.e. image selecting, shifting and adding in image space and data selecting and image synthesizing in Fourier space. This…
We implement a general imaging method by measuring the complex degree of coherence using linear optics and photon number resolving detectors. In the absence of collective or entanglement assisted measurements, our method is optimal over a…
Gaze detection and head orientation are an important part of many advanced human-machine interaction applications. Many systems have been proposed for gaze detection. Typically, they require some form of user cooperation and calibration.…
A cosmic ray observatory with full-sky coverage can exploit standard anisotropy analysis methods that do not work if part of the celestial sphere is never seen. In particular, the distribution of arrival directions can be fully…
Cosmic rays (CRs) are the probes of the deep space. They allow us to study particle acceleration, chemical composition of the interstellar medium, and global properties of our Galaxy. However, until recently studies of CRs were similar to…
Under weak illumination, tracking and imaging moving object turns out to be hard. By spatially collecting the signal, single pixel imaging schemes promise the capability of image reconstruction from low photon flux. However, due to the…
Single-photon Lidar (SPL) offers unprecedented sensitivity and time resolution, which enables Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) systems to identify space debris from distances spanning thousands of kilometers. However, existing SPL systems face…
Optically observing and monitoring moving objects, both natural and artificial, is important to human space security. Non-sidereal tracking can improve the system's limiting magnitude for moving objects, which benefits the surveillance.…
An unbiased method for improving the resolution of astronomical images is presented. The strategy at the core of this method is to establish a linear transformation between the recorded image and an improved image at some desirable…
Computational ghost imaging retrieves the spatial information of a scene using a single pixel detector. By projecting a series of known random patterns and measuring the back reflected intensity for each one, it is possible to reconstruct a…