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Context: Remote light scattering and thermal infrared observations provide clues about the physical properties of cometary and interplanetary dust particles. Identifying these properties will lead to a better understanding of the formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-05 Johannes Markkanen , Jessica Agarwal

Stars form in cold dense cores showing subsonic velocity dispersions. The parental molecular clouds display higher temperatures and supersonic velocity dispersions. The transition from core to cloud has been observed in velocity dispersion,…

A new code for evaluation of light absorption and scattering by interstellar dust grains is presented. The radiative transfer problem is solved using ray-tracing algorithm in a self-consistent and highly efficient way. The code demonstrates…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Semionov , V. Vansevicius

We present a numerical method and computer code to calculate the radiative transfer and excitation of molecular lines. Formulating the Monte Carlo method from the viewpoint of cells rather than photons allows us to separate local and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michiel R. Hogerheijde , Floris F. S. van der Tak

We present SKIRT (Stellar Kinematics Including Radiative Transfer), a new Monte Carlo radiative transfer code that allows the calculation of the observed stellar kinematics of a dusty galaxy. The code incorporates the effects of both…

We compute polarization maps for molecular cloud cores modeled as magnetized singular isothermal toroids, under the assumption that the emitting dust grains are aspherical and aligned with the large-scale magnetic field. We show that,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Goncalves , D. Galli , M. Walmsley

We present a self-consistent three-dimensional Monte-Carlo radiative transfer model of the stellar and dust emission in the Milky-Way, and have computed synthetic observations of the 3.6 to 100 microns emission in the Galactic mid-plane. In…

We present three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer models of a very young (<10^5 years old) low mass (50 Msun) stellar cluster containing 23 stars and 27 brown dwarfs. The models use the density and the stellar mass distributions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ryuichi Kurosawa , Tim J. Harries , Matthew R. Bate , Neil H. Symington

We describe a general radiative equilibrium and temperature correction procedure for use in Monte Carlo radiation transfer codes with sources of temperature-independent opacity, such as astrophysical dust. The technique utilizes the fact…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-08 J. E. Bjorkman , Kenneth Wood

Direct imaging has paved the way for atmospheric characterization of young and self-luminous gas giants. Scattering in a horizontally-inhomogeneous atmosphere causes the disk-integrated polarization of the thermal radiation to be linearly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-09 Tomas Stolker , Michiel Min , Daphne M. Stam , Paul Mollière , Carsten Dominik , Rens Waters

We use UV measurements of interstellar CO towards nearby stars to calculate the density in the diffuse molecular clouds containing the molecules responsible for the observed absorption. Chemical models and recent calculations of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-16 Paul F. Goldsmith

Radial density profiles for the sample of dense cores associated with high-mass star-forming regions from southern hemisphere have been derived using the data of observations in continuum at 250 GHz. Radial density profiles for the inner…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-20 Lev E. Pirogov

We explore physically self-consistent models of dusty molecular tori in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with the goal of interpreting VLTI observations and fitting high resolution mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The input dust…

We study the behavior of dust temperature and its infrared emission of FirstLight1 simulated galaxies at the redshift of 6 and 8, by using POLARIS2 as a Monte Carlo photon transport simulator. To calculate the dust temperature ($T_{dust}$)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-29 Muzammil Mushtaq , Prajwal Hassan Puttasiddappa

Chemical reactions in starless molecular clouds are heavily dependent on interactions between gas phase material and solid phase dust and ices. We have observed the abundance and distribution of molecular gases in the cold, starless core DC…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-01-15 E. E. Hardegree-Ullman , J. Harju , M. Juvela , O. Sipila , D. C. B. Whittet , S. Hotzel

We present a detailed model for the thermal balance, chemistry, and radiative transfer within quiescent dense molecular cloud cores that contain a central protostar. Large variations in the gas temperature are expected to affect the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 S. D. Doty , D. A. Neufeld

We present a Monte Carlo (MC) radiative transfer code for complex three dimensional dust distributions and include transiently heated PAH. The correctness of the code is confirmed by comparison with benchmark results. The method makes use…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-18 Ralf Siebenmorgen , Frank Heymann , Endrik Krügel

We conducted experiments with machine learning techniques to construct dust temperature maps from the CO isotopologue molecular line data in the Orion A molecular cloud. In the classical astrophysical methodology, multi-band continuum data…

The densest infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) may represent the earliest observable stage of high-mass star formation. These clouds are very cold, hence they emit mainly at far-infrared and sub-mm wavelengths. For the first time, Herschel has…

We develop a self-consistent model for the equilibrium gas temperature and size-dependent dust temperature in cold, dense pre-stellar cores, assuming an arbitrary power-law size distribution of dust grains. Compact analytical expressions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-06 Alexei V. Ivlev , Kedron Silsbee , Olli Sipilä , Paola Caselli