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Selected results obtained in major observational sky surveys (DSS, 2MASS, 2dF, SDSS) and deep field observations (HDF, GOODS, HUDF, etc.) are reviewed. Modern surveys provide information on the characteristics and space distribution of…

Data and data sources have become increasingly essential in recent decades. Scientists and researchers require more data to deploy AI approaches as the field continues to improve. In recent years, the rapid technological advancements have…

This paper provides an overview of three notable approaches for detecting anomalies in spatio-temporal data. The three review methods are selected from the framework of multivariate statistical process control (SPC), scan statistics, and…

The next-generation astronomy archives will cover most of the universe at fine resolution in many wavelengths. One of the first of these projects, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will create a 5-wavelength catalog over 10,000 square…

An overview is given of the Permanent All Sky Survey (PASS) project. The primary goal of PASS is the detection of all transiting giant planets in the entire sky, complete for stellar systems of magnitudes ~ 5.5-10.5. Since the sample stars…

The next-generation astronomy digital archives will cover most of the universe at fine resolution in many wave-lengths, from X-rays to ultraviolet, optical, and infrared. The archives will be stored at diverse geographical locations. One of…

Scientific endeavors such as large astronomical surveys generate databases on the terabyte scale. These, usually multidimensional databases must be visualized and mined in order to find interesting objects or to extract meaningful and…

The wavelength dependence of atmospheric refraction causes elongation of finite-bandwidth images along the elevation vector, which produces spurious signals in weak gravitational lensing shear measurements unless this atmospheric dispersion…

The analysis and an efficient scientific exploration of the Digital Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (DPOSS) represents a major technical challenge. The input data set consists of 3 Terabytes of pixel information, and contains a few billion…

The amount of collected data in many scientific fields is increasing, all of them requiring a common task: extract knowledge from massive, multi parametric data sets, as rapidly and efficiently possible. This is especially true in astronomy…

The tens of millions of radio sources to be detected with next-generation surveys pose new challenges, quite apart from the obvious ones of processing speed and data volumes. For example, existing algorithms are inadequate for source…

The nature of scientific and technological data collection is evolving rapidly: data volumes and rates grow exponentially, with increasing complexity and information content, and there has been a transition from static data sets to data…

Observations of density variations in stellar streams are a promising probe of low-mass dark matter substructure in the Milky Way. However, survey systematics such as variations in seeing and sky brightness can also induce artificial…

We derive the fraction of substructure in the Galactic halo using a sample of over 10,000 spectroscopically-confirmed halo giant stars from the LAMOST spectroscopic survey. By observing 100 synthetic models along each line of sight with the…

We present a machine learning method to assign stellar parameters (temperature, surface gravity, metallicity) to the photometric data of large photometric surveys such as SDSS and SKYMAPPER. The method makes use of our previous effort in…

Our understanding of galaxy evolution is derived from large surveys designed to maximize efficiency by only observing the minimum amount needed to infer properties for a typical galaxy. However, for a few percent of galaxies in every…

We describe the application of data mining algorithms to research problems in astronomy. We posit that data mining has always been fundamental to astronomical research, since data mining is the basis of evidence-based discovery, including…

Cross-match spatially clusters and organizes several astronomical point-source measurements from one or more surveys. Ideally, each object would be found in each survey. Unfortunately, the observation conditions and the objects themselves…

Digital co-addition of astronomical images is a common technique for increasing signal-to-noise and image depth. A modification of this simple technique has been applied to the detection of minor bodies in the Solar System: first stationary…

Hyperspectral imaging has become a significant source of valuable data for astronomers over the past decades. Current instrumental and observing time constraints allow direct acquisition of multispectral images, with high spatial but low…