Related papers: n-point Gravitational Lenses with 5(n-1) Images
Gravitational lensing can be by a faint star, a trillion stars of a galaxy, or a cluster of galaxies, and this poses a familiar struggle between particle method and mean field method. In a bottom-up approach, a puzzle has been laid on…
A well-studied maximal gravitational point lens construction of S. H. Rhie produces $5n$ images of a light source using $n+1$ deflector masses. The construction arises from a circular, symmetric deflector configuration on $n$ masses…
We consider gravitational lensing of a background source by a finite system of point-masses. The problem of determining the maximum possible number of lensed images has been completely resolved in the single-plane setting (where the point…
We study the problem of gravitational lensing by an isothermal elliptical density galaxy in the presence of a tidal perturbation. When the perturbation is fairly strong and oriented near the galaxy's minor axis, the lens can produce image…
Herein we prove an upper bound on the number of gravitationally lensed images in a generic multiplane point-mass ensemble with K planes and g_i masses in the ith plane. With E_K and O_K the sums of the even and odd degree terms respectively…
The total amplification of a source inside a caustic curve of a binary lens is no less than 3. Here we show that the infimum amplification 3 is satisfied by a family of binary lenses where the source position is at the mid-point between the…
Starting from an $n$-point circular gravitational lens having $3n+1$ images, Rhie (2003) used a perturbation argument to construct an $(n+1)$-point lens producing $5n$ images. In this work we give a concise proof of Rhie's result, and we…
We study the critical curves, caustics, and multiple imaging due to one of the simplest many-body gravitational lens configurations: equal-mass point masses on the vertices of a regular polygon. Some examples of the critical curves and…
HST V and I-band observations show that the gravitational lens B1359+154 consists of six images of a single z_s=3.235 radio source and its star-forming host galaxy, produced by a compact group of galaxies at z_l = 1. VLBA observations at…
The equation in the title describes the number of bright images of a point source under lensing by an elliptic object with isothermal density. We prove that this equation has at most 6 solutions. Any number of solutions from 1 to 6 can…
In this work are reviewed several aspects of gravitational lensing produced by astrophysical bodies that strongly curve the spacetime in their vicinity. When an object with a photon sphere (e.g. a black hole) is interposed between a source…
Dark matter caustics have specific density profiles and, therefore, precisely calculable gravitational lensing properties. We present a formalism which simplifies the relevant calculations, and apply it to four specific cases. In the first…
Plane-symmetric gravitational waves are considered as gravitational lenses. Numbers of images, frequency shifts, mutual angles, and image distortion parameters are computed exactly in essentially all non-singular plane wave spacetimes. For…
We describe gravitational lensing by a gravitational wave, in the regime in which multiple images of a light source are created. We adapt the vector formalism employed for ordinary gravitational lenses to the case of a non-stationary…
Gravitational lensing of point sources located inside the lens caustic is known to produce four images in a configuration closely related to the source position. We study this relation in the particular case of a sample of quadruply-imaged…
In this paper, we study fixed points of N-point gravitational lenses. We use complex form of lens mapping to study fixed points. Complex form has an advantage over coordinate one because we can describe N-point gravitational lens by system…
Most problems in gravitational lensing require numerical solutions. The most frequent types of problems are (1) finding multiple images of a single source and classifying the images according to their properties like magnification or…
The strange morphology of the six-component gravitational lens PMN J0134-0931 has resisted explanation. We present the first successful quantitative models for the system, based on the idea that there are two lens galaxies and two…
We study gravitational lensing of light by hairy black holes, which, in a certain parameter regime, can possess two photon spheres of different size outside the event horizon. In particular, we focus on higher-order images of a point-like…
Compound strong gravitational lensing is a rare phenomenon, but a handful of such lensed systems are likely to be discovered in forthcoming surveys. In this work, we use a double SIS lens model to analytically understand how the properties…