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The Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT) is an innovative medium-class mission selected for an assessment phase in the framework of the ESA M3 Cosmic Vision call. LOFT is intended to answer fundamental questions about the behaviour of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 R. Campana , M. Feroci , E. Del Monte , S. Brandt , C. Budtz-Jørgensen , N. Lund , J. Alvarez , M. Hernanz , E. Perinati

The NASA program in X-ray astronomy has two long term goals: 1) to achieve sufficient angular resolution to image the event horizon of a black hole (0.1 micro arc sec) and 2) to achieve sufficient collecting area (50-150 sq m) and angular…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicholas E. White

Relativistic reflection features are commonly observed in the X-ray spectra of accreting black holes. In the presence of high quality data and with the correct astrophysical model, X-ray reflection spectroscopy can be quite a powerful tool…

LOFT is one of the four medium mission candidates (M3), selected by ESA in the framework of the Cosmic Vision Programme (2015-2025), for feasibility study. If approved by ESA in 2014, its launch is foreseen in 2022-2024. LOFT is being…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 M. Hernanz

The luminous X-ray binary and black-hole candidate LMC X-1 has been observed with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) to search for quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO), previously reported in its high state. The source was observed monthly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. C. Schmidtke , A. L. Ponder , A. P. Cowley

Blurred reflection features are commonly observed in the X-ray spectra of accreting black holes. In the presence of high-quality data and with the correct astrophysical model, X-ray reflection spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-15 Cosimo Bambi

Since the birth of X-ray Astronomy, spectacular advances have been seen in the imaging, spectroscopic and timing studies of the hot and violent X-ray Universe, and further leaps forward are expected in the future. On the other hand,…

The launch of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), the first space-based polarimeter since 1978, offers a two order of magnitude improvement to the measurement of X-ray polarisation than its predecessor OSO-8, offering…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-22 Melissa Ewing , Adam Ingram , John Rankin , Fabio Muleri

The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is a joint ESA-JAXA-NASA effort to address fundamental and timely questions in astrophysics: What happens close to a black hole? How did supermassive black holes grow? How does large scale structure…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Nicholas E. White , Arvind Parmar , Hideyo Kunieda , Kirpal Nandra , Takaya Ohashi , Jay Bookbinder

We present the Galactic Radio Explorer (GReX), an all-sky monitor to probe the brightest bursts in the radio sky. Building on the success of STARE2, we will search for fast radio bursts (FRBs) emitted from Galactic magnetars as well as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-24 Liam Connor , Kiran A. Shila , Shrinivas R. Kulkarni , Jonas Flygare , Gregg Hallinan , Dongzi Li , Wenbin Lu , Vikram Ravi , Sander Weinreb

Over the last decades X-ray spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for the estimation of black hole spin and several other key parameters in dozens of AGN and black hole X-ray binaries. In this White Paper, we discuss the…

Black hole binaries exhibit dramatic changes in their X-ray spectral and timing properties over time, providing important clues about the physical processes that occur in these systems. Black holes and black hole candidates are prime…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 John A. Tomsick

The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), an orbiting, multi-band, millimeter radio-telescope, in hybrid combination with millimeter terrestrial radio-telescopes, is designed to discover and measure the thin photon ring around the supermassive black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-17 Peter Galison , Michael D. Johnson , Alexandru Lupsasca , Trevor Gravely , Roman Berens

The Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT) is one of the five candidates that were considered by ESA as an M3 mission (with launch in 2022-2024). It is specifically designed to exploit the diagnostics of very rapid X-ray flux and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-29 Y. Evangelista , I. Donnarumma , R. Campana , C. Schmid , M. Feroci

Grazing-incidence X-ray optics have revolutionized X-ray astrophysics. The ability to concentrate flux to a tiny detection region provides a dramatic reduction in background and a consequent very large improvement in sensitivity. The X-ray…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 Finn E. Christensen , Brian D. Ramsey

We present the instrument design and initial results for the Galactic Radio Explorer (GReX), an all-sky monitor for exceptionally bright transients in the radio sky. This instrument builds on the success of STARE2 to search for fast radio…

We report on long-term monitoring of the anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP) 1E 1048.1-5937 using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The timing behavior of this pulsar is different from that of other AXPs being monitored with RXTE. In…

We report on long-term monitoring of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1048.1-5937 using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. This pulsar's timing behavior is different from that of other AXPs. In particular, the pulsar shows significant deviations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 V. M. Kaspi , F. P. Gavriil , D. Chakrabarty , J. R. Lackey , M. P. Muno

XEUS, the X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy mission, is at present an ESA-ISAS initiative for the study of the evolution of the hot Universe in the post-Chandra/XMM-Newton era. The key science objectives of XEUS are: Search for the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Johan Bleeker , Mariano Mendez

We discuss the implications of new relations between black holes' masses, X-ray luminosities and radio luminosities, as well as the properties of the next generation of radio telescopes, for the goal of finding isolated accreting black…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Thomas J. Maccarone