Related papers: Plasma physics in clusters of galaxies
Extreme states of matter exist throughout the universe e.g. inside planetary cores, stars or astrophysical jets. Such conditions are generated in the laboratory in the interaction of powerful lasers with solids, and their evolution can be…
Galaxy clusters, the most massive, dark-matter-dominated, and most recently assembled structures in the Universe, are key tools for probing cosmology. However, uncertainties in scaling relations that connect cluster mass to observables like…
The degree of complexity and, to a somewhat lesser degree, realism in simulations has advanced rapidly in the past few years. The simplest approach - modeling a cluster as collisionless dark matter and collisonal, non--radiative gas is now…
The charge on an aggregate immersed in a plasma environment distributes itself over the aggregate's surface; this can be approximated theoretically by assuming a multipole distribution. The dipole-dipole (or higher order) charge…
A forefront area of research concerns the exploration of the properties of hadronic matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density, and the determination of the equation of state--the relation between pressure, temperature and…
This lecture reviews the fundamental physical processes involved in star formation in galaxy interactions and mergers. Interactions and mergers often drive intense starbursts, but the link between interstellar gas physics, large scale…
Cluster mergers drive shocks into the intracluster medium which heat and compress the thermal gas. X-ray observations of shocks can be used to determine the geometry and kinematics of the merger. Merger shocks should also accelerate…
We have observed a new, complete, cooling-core sample with the VLA, in order to understand how the massive black hole in the central galaxy interacts with the local cluster plasma. We find that every cooling core is currently being…
Present-day galaxy clusters are the largest virialized structures in the Universe, yet their early assembly remains poorly understood. At z$>$2, clusters in formation span tens of Mpc and host gas-rich, dust-obscured galaxies embedded in…
SPT-CL J2106-5844 is among the most massive galaxy clusters at z>1 yet discovered. While initially used in cosmological tests to assess the compatibility with $\Lambda$CDM cosmology of such a massive virialized object at this redshift, more…
The organization of this paper is as follows: the basic formulae used to derive the age of synchrotron sources and the equipartition parameters are presented in Section 2, while the observational properties of diffuse radio sources (Radio…
The unique plasma-specific features and physical phenomena in the organization of nanoscale solid-state systems in a broad range of elemental composition, structure, and dimensionality are critically reviewed. These effects lead to the…
The existence and extent of non-thermal phenomena in galaxy clusters is now well established. A key question in our understanding of these phenomena is the origin of the relativistic electrons which may be constrained by the modelling of…
Star clusters stand at the intersection of much of modern astrophysics: the interstellar medium, gravitational dynamics, stellar evolution, and cosmology. Here we review observations and theoretical models for the formation, evolution, and…
Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Universe. Extragalactic disks, halos and clusters have consistently been shown, via diffuse radio-synchrotron emission and Faraday rotation measurements, to exhibit magnetic field strengths ranging from…
One hundred and six galaxy clusters have been studied in detail using X-ray data and important global physical properties have been determined. Correlations between these properties are studied with respect to the description of clusters as…
The evolution of galaxies is driven strongly by dynamical processes including internal instabilities, tidal interactions and mergers. The cluster environment is a useful laboratory for studying these effects. I present recent results on…
In several merging clusters of galaxies so-called cluster radio relics have been observed. These are extended radio sources which do not seem to be associated with any radio galaxy. Two competing physical mechanisms to accelerate the radio…
Previously it has been recognized that radio halos in galaxy clusters are preferentially associated with merging systems as indicated by substructure in the X-ray images and temperature maps. Since, however, many clusters without radio…
The nonthermal characteristics of starburst galaxies and galaxy clusters are reviewed and the perspectives for their observation in high energy gamma rays discussed. It is argued that starburst galaxies should have physically similar and…