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With the increasing number of detected exoplanet samples, the statistical properties of planetary systems have become much clearer. In this review, we summarize the major statistics that have been revealed mainly by radial velocity and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 J. -L. Zhou , J. -W. Xie , H. -G. Liu , H. Zhang , Y. -S. Sun

Planetary systems formed in clusters may be subject to stellar encounter flybys. Here we create a diverse range of representative planetary systems with different orbital scales and planets' masses and examine encounters between them in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-17 Daohai Li , Alexander J. Mustill , Melvyn B. Davies

We evaluate the extent of the regions within the $\alpha$ Centauri AB star system where small planets are able to orbit for billion-year timescales, and we calculate the positions on the sky plane where planets on stable orbits about either…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-19 Billy Quarles , Jack J. Lissauer

The search for satellites around exoplanets represents one of the greatest challenges in advancing the characterization of planetary systems. Currently, we can only detect massive satellites, which resemble additional planetary companions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-06 C. Lazzoni , K. W. Rice , A. Zurlo , S. Hinkley , S. Desidera

With hydrodynamical simulations we examine the evolution of a protoplanetary disc around $\alpha$ Centauri B including the effect of the eccentric orbit binary companion $\alpha$ Centauri A. The initially circular orbit disc undergoes two…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 Rebecca G. Martin , Jack J. Lissauer , Billy Quarles

We present preliminary results from our spectroscopic search for planets within 1 AU of metal-poor field dwarfs using NASA time with HIRES on Keck I. The core accretion model of gas giant planet formation is sensitive to the metallicity of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Sozzetti , D. W. Latham , G. Torres , R. P. Stefanik , A. P. Boss , B. W. Carney , J. B. Laird

The two innermost planets of the Proxima Centauri system are separated by just 0.02 au, inducing strong gravitational interactions between them. We assess this interaction by leveraging fast orbital stability indicators and find that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-18 Joseph R. Livesey , Rory Barnes , Russell Deitrick

NASA's TESS mission is expected to discover hundreds of M dwarf planets. However, few studies focus on how planets form around low-mass stars. We aim to better characterize the formation process of M dwarf planets to fill this gap and aid…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Brianna Zawadzki , Daniel Carrera , Eric Ford

The Alpha Centauri AB system is an attractive one for radial velocity observations to detect potential exoplanets. The high metallicity of both Alpha Centauri A and B suggest that they could have possessed circumstellar discs capable of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Duncan Forgan

We suggest that planets, brown dwarfs, and even low mass stars can be formed by fragmentation of protoplanetary disks around very massive stars M>~100 solar masses. We discuss how fragmentation conditions make the formation of very massive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Amit Kashi , Noam Soker

Close-in giant planets are thought to have formed in the cold outer regions of planetary systems and migrated inward, passing through the orbital parameter space occupied by the terrestrial planets in our own Solar System. We present…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Avi M. Mandell , Sean N. Raymond , Steinn Sigurdsson

In this letter we consider the evolution of a planetary system around a star inside a wide binary. We simulate numerically the evolution of the planetary orbits for both co-planar and highly-inclined systems. We find that the Kozai…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniel Malmberg , Melvyn B. Davies , John E. Chambers

The majority of binary star systems that host exoplanets will spend the first portion of their lives within a star-forming cluster that may drive dynamical evolution of the binary-planet system. We perform numerical simulations of S-type…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Elizabeth A. Ellithorpe , Nathan A. Kaib

In models of planetary accretion, pebbles form by dust coagulation and rapidly migrate toward the central star. Planetesimals may continuously form from pebbles over the age of the protoplanetary disk by yet uncertain mechanisms. Meanwhile,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-17 Ryuji Morishima

We hypothesise that planets are made by tidal downsizing of migrating giant planet embryos. The proposed scheme for planet formation consists of these steps: (i) a massive young protoplanetary disc fragments at R ~ several tens to hundreds…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Sergei Nayakshin

Our understanding of the process of terrestrial planet formation has grown markedly over the past 20 years, yet key questions remain. This review begins by first addressing the critical, earliest stage of dust coagulation and concentration.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-07 Matthew S. Clement , Andre Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond , Rogerio Deienno

This paper explores the stability of an Earth-like planet orbiting a solar mass star in the presence of an outer-lying intermediate mass companion. The overall goal is to estimate the fraction of binary systems that allow Earth-like planets…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Eva-Marie David , Elisa V. Quintana , Marco Fatuzzo , Fred C. Adams

The inclination distribution of circumbinary planets (CBPs) is an important scientific issue. It is of great significance in estimating the occurrence rate of CBPs and studying their formation and evolution. Although the CBPs currently…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-03 Chuan-Tao Ma , Yan-Xiang Gong , Xiao-Mei Wu , Jianghui Ji

Building the terrestrial planets has been a challenge for planet formation models. In particular, classical theories have been unable to reproduce the small mass of Mars and instead predict that a planet near 1.5 AU should roughly be the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-20 Harold F. Levison , Katherine A. Kretke , Kevin Walsh , William Bottke

Most detected planet-bearing binaries are in wide orbits, for which a high inclination, $i_B$, between the binary orbital plane and the plane of the planetary disk around the primary is likely to be common. In this paper, we investigate the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Ji-Wei Xie , Matthew Payne , Philippe Thebault , Ji-Lin Zhou , Jian Ge