Related papers: Cosmic ray drift, the second knee and galactic ani…
We show that the cosmic ray (CR) knee can be entirely explained by energy-dependent CR leakage from the Milky Way, with an excellent fit to all existing data. We test this hypothesis calculating the trajectories of individual CRs in the…
The differential intensity of cosmic radiation shows a sequence of depressions referred to as "knees" in a large energy band above 10^15 eV. The global depression entailed in the complete spectrum with respect to the extrapolated intensity…
Recent measurements revealed the presence of several features in the cosmic ray spectrum. In particular, the proton and helium spectra exhibit a spectral hardening at $\approx$ 300 GV and a spectral steeping at $\approx$ 15 TV, followed by…
The sharp change in slope of the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) spectrum around 10^18.6 eV (the ankle), combined with evidence of a light but extragalactic component near and below the ankle and intermediate composition above, has…
Recent data from ATIC, CREAM and PAMELA indicate that the cosmic ray energy spectra of protons and nuclei exhibit a remarkable hardening at energies above 100 GeV per nucleon. We propose that the hardening is an interstellar propagation…
We have argued [J. Szabelski et al. (2002)] that the well-known `ankle' in the cosmic ray energy spectrum, at logE (eV) ~ 18.7-19.0, marks the transition from mainly Galactic sources at lower energies to mainly extragalactic above.…
The all-particle spectrum of cosmic rays measured at Earth has a knee-like feature around 4 PeV. A priori, it is not clear if this is a local feature specific to the Solar neighbourhood in the Milky Way, or if it is a generic property of…
Primary cosmic ray particles above energies of about 100 TeV are investigated by large-area ground based detector installations, observing various components of the development of extensive air-showers (EAS). By such an indirect access to…
We investigate the problem of transition from Galactic cosmic rays to extragalactic ultra high energy cosmic rays. Using the model for extragalactic ultra high energy cosmic rays and observed all-particle cosmic ray spectrum, we calculate…
Data obtained in the ATIC-2 (Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter), CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass)) and PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) experiments suggest that elemental interstellar…
It is shown that a "second (iron) knee" in cosmic ray spectrum expected at energy about 100 PeV could not probably be found there. The reason is very simple: the position of the "iron knee" depends on an answer to the questions: "What do we…
Most cosmic rays are thought to be accelerated by the shocks of supernova explosions of very massive stars. Here we review one quantitative proposal, which predicted the spectral slopes, bend and cutoff about the cosmic ray spectrum across…
The dip is a feature in the diffuse spectrum of ultra-high energy (UHE) protons caused by electron-positron pair production on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. For a power-law generation spectrum $E^{-2.7}$, the calculated…
The Pierre Auger Collaboration has reported evidence for anisotropy in the distribution of arrival directions of the cosmic rays with energies $E>E_{th}=5.5\times 10^{19}$ eV. These show a correlation with the distribution of nearby…
Laboratory experiments to explore plasma conditions and stimulated particle acceleration can illuminate aspects of the cosmic particle acceleration process. Here we discuss the cosmic-ray candidate source object variety, and what has been…
Under nonuniform convection, the distribution of diffusive particles can exhibit dipole and quadrupole anisotropy induced by the fluid inertial and shear force, respectively. These convection-related anisotropies, unlike the Compton-Getting…
A review is given of the main properties of the charged component of galactic cosmic rays, particles detected at Earth with an energy spanning from tens of MeV up to about 10^19 eV. After a short introduction to the topic and an historical…
The most recent experimental results on the cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum above 1 TeV are reviewed and discussed. All data agree on the presence of the so-called ``knee'' at an energy E(knee) = 3-4 PeV; the knee is seen in all…
Anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energies above 10$^{17}$eV is studied using data from the Akeno 20 km$^2$ array and the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA), using a total of about 117,000 showers observed during 11…
We note that antishadowing could help in the explanation of cosmic rays phenomena such as knee in the energetic spectrum and existence of penetrating and long-flying particles.