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Related papers: The classification of BL Lacertae objects: the Ca …

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We present the analysis of archival data from ROSAT and ASCA of a serendipitous source PKS 2316-423. According to its featureless non-thermal radio/optical continuum, the object has been assumed as a BL Lac candidate in the literature. It…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. -J. Xue , Y. -H. Zhang

BL Lacertae is a blazar known for its high flux variability and occasional broadband flares of unknown origin. It was in an extended flaring state from July 2020 until the end of 2021, making it an ideal candidate to study spectral and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 A. Priyana Noel , Alicja Wierzcholska , Raj Prince

All but three (M87, BL Lac and 3C 279) extragalactic sources detected so far at very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays belong to the class of high-frequency peaked BL Lac (HBL) objects. This suggested to us a systematic scan of candidate sources…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-12 M. Meyer

BL Lacertae has been the target of several observing campaigns by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) collaboration and is one of the best studied blazars at all accessible wavelengths. A recent analysis of the optical and radio…

Blazar subclasses ranging from flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) through low-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs) to high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) exhibit a sequence of increasing spectral hardness with decreasing…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 M. Boettcher , C. D. Dermer

In this study, we analyze the $\sim 16$ yr Fermi-LAT data of 160 blazars consisting of 92 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 64 BL Lacertae type objects (BL Lacs), and 4 blazar candidates of unknown type objects (BCU), and exhibit their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-22 Junhao Deng , Yunguo Jiang

We present an analysis of the spectral properties observed in X-rays from active galactic nucleus BL Lacertae using RXTE, Suzaku, ASCA, BeppoSAX, and Swift observations. The total time covered by these observations is approximately 20…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-28 Lev Titarchuk , Elena Seifina

ROSAT observations of a homogeneous sample of radio--selected BL Lac objects are presented. Results of a detailed spectral analysis in the soft 0.1-2.0 keV energy range are discussed and compared with similar previously published results.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Andrea Comastri , Silvano Molendi , Gabriele Ghisellini

BL Lac objects (BLL) are defined by the presence of very weak (typically $<$ 5 {\AA}) or even absent spectral lines. This makes determining their distance particularly challenging, especially at high redshift, where the sources are fainter…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-01 Renato Falomo , Aldo Treves , Simona Paiano , Riccardo Scarpa

We investigate the temporal and colour variability of 897 blazars, comprising 455 BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and 442 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), selected from the Roma-BZCAT catalogue, using the multi-band light curves from the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-22 Vibhore Negi , Ravi Joshi , Krishan Chand , Hum Chand , Paul Wiita , Luis C. Ho , Ravi S. Singh

We have used the HST WFPC2 camera to survey 132 BL Lac objects comprising seven complete radio-, X-ray-, and optically-selected samples. We obtained useful images for 110 targets spanning the redshift range 0 < z < 1.3. In two thirds of the…

Several blazars, and BL Lac objects in particular, show a misalignment between the jet orientation on parsec and kiloparsec scales. Some authors (i.e. Conway & Murphy, 1993) have attempted to explain this behaviour invoking helical jets for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Cassaro , C. Stanghellini , D. Dallacasa , M. Bondi , R. A. Zappalà

The most elusive and extreme sub-class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), known as BL Lac objects, shows features that can only be explained as the result of relativistic effects occurring in jets pointing at a small angle with respect to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-09 F. Massaro , A. Capetti , A. Paggi , R. D. Baldi , A. Tramacere , I. Pillitteri , R. Campana

In this work, we collected a sample of BL Lacs, FR I and FR II(G) radio galaxies with available core and extended emissions from published works to discuss the unified schemes and estimate the Doppler factor for BL Lacs. Wilcoxon rank-sum…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-18 Xu-Hong Ye , Jun-Hui Fan

We present results from our radio polarimetric study with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at Band 4 (550-850 MHz) of 3 blazars: radio-loud quasars 3C390.3, 4C71.07 and BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514. The aim of this study…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-30 Janhavi Baghel , Silpa S. , P. Kharb , B. Sebastian , P. Shastri

The "blazar sequence" posits that the most powerful BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars should have relatively small synchrotron peak frequencies, nu_peak, and that the least powerful such objects should have the highest…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 P. Padovani

Blazars are radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets oriented towards the observer's line-of-sight. Based on their optical spectra, blazars may be classified as flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) or BL Lacs. FSRQs are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-14 Emmanuel Uwitonze , Pheneas Nkundabakura , Tom Mutabazi

When a radio jet is partially optically thick in the launching region, its apparent compact core may display frequency-dependent positional shifts. High-precision astrometric measurements of core shifts enable astronomers to pinpoint the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-24 Niu Liu , Jun Yang , Xiaopeng Cheng , Ai-Ling Zeng , Wen Chen , Xiao-Long Yang , Xiaoyu Hong , Xia-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Cheng Liu , Zi Zhu

We present radio and optical analysis of a sample of Low Luminosity Compact (LLC) objects, selected from FIRST survey and observed with MERLIN at L-band and C-band. The main criterion used for selection was luminosity of the objects and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-30 M. Kunert-Bajraszewska , A. Labiano , M. P. Gawronski

The spectral energy distribution and variability of several blazars (Mkn 501, 1 ES 2344+51.4, PKS 2155-30.4, 1 ES 1218+30.4, 3C 454.3) along the blazar sequence is investigated using a selfconsistent and timedependent lepto-hadronic hybrid…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-09-12 Matthias Weidinger , Felix Spanier