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Related papers: The classification of BL Lacertae objects: the Ca …

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We present the radio detection of 18 BL Lac objects from our survey of over 575 square degrees of sky. These 18 objects are located within 20 arcsec of the X-ray position, of which 11 have a measured red-shift. All candidates are radio…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 M. W. B. Anderson , M. D. Filipović

Blazars are the established sources of an intense and variable non-thermal radiation extending from radio wavelengths up to HE and VHE gamma-rays. Understanding the spectral evolution of blazars in selected frequency ranges, as well as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-12-24 Alicja Wierzcholska , Michał Ostrowski , Łukasz Stawarz , Stefan Wagner , Marcus Hauser

The eponymous BL Lac object BL Lacertae is one of the most well-monitored active galactic nuclei, frequently observed from radio to gamma rays. Its relatively soft $\gamma$-ray spectrum peaks near 500~MeV, and since 2020 it has undergone an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-17 Raniere de Menezes , Francesco Massaro , Elisa Visentin , Federico Di Pierro , Haocheng Zhang

Eight optical and four radio observatories have been intensively monitoring the BL Lac object 0716+714 in the last years: 4854 data points have been collected in the UBVRI bands since 1994, while radio light curves extend back to 1978. Many…

The past 20 years have seen phenomenal progress in our understanding of BL Lac objects. They form part of the blazar class, which are radio-loud AGN whose relativistic jets are aligned along our line of sight. Several critical milestones…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Megan Urry

In the frame of unification schemes for radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), FR I radio galaxies are believed to be BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects with the relativistic jet misaligned to our line of sight, and FR II radio galaxies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-11-13 Ya-Di Xu , Xinwu Cao , Qingwen Wu

Based on the classical unification, blazars, namely BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), are believed to correspond with radio galaxies when observed at small jet viewing angles. In this paper, we aim to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 Xu-Hong Ye , Ranieri D. Baldi , Wen-Xin Yang , Jing-Tian Zhu , Denis Bastieri , Rumen S. Bachev , Anton A. Strigachev , Jun-Hui Fan

We present the soft X-ray (0.1--2.4 keV) properties of a complete sample of 88 southern radio sources derived from the Wall \& Peacock 2-Jy sample. It comprises 68 radio galaxies, 18 quasars and 2 BL Lac objects. Whereas both BL Lac objects…

We present the results of an extensive analysis of the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray and $\gamma$-ray data collected from the observations of the BL Lac objects prototype BL Lacertae carried out over a period of nearly 13 years, between…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-20 N. Sahakyan , P. Giommi

We present very long baseline interferometry polarization images of an X-ray selected sample of BL Lacertae objects belonging to the first High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO-1) and the ROSAT-Green Bank (RGB) surveys. These are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. Kharb , D. Gabuzda , P. Shastri

This paper presents a new sample of BL Lac objects selected from a deep (30 mJy) radio survey of flat spectrum radio sources (the CLASS blazar survey, henceforth CBS). The sample is one of the largest well defined samples in the low power…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 M. J. M. Marcha , A. Caccianiga

HST observations have shown that low-redshift 3CR radio galaxies often exhibit a point-like optical component positionally coincident with the GHz-frequency radio core. In this paper we discuss the correlation between the luminosities of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. J. Hardcastle , D. M. Worrall

A tight correlation between gamma-ray and radio emission is found for a sample of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects detected by Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) and the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET). The gamma-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 Fan Li , Xinwu Cao

We investigate the properties of the host galaxies of X-ray selected (high frequency peaked) BL Lac objects using a large and homogeneous data set of high spatial resolution R-band observations of 52 BL Lacs in the EMSS and Slew samples.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Falomo , J. K. Kotilainen

We examine whether Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) can act as plausible astrophysical sources of diffuse ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Using realistic luminosity-dependent density evolution…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-20 Swaraj Pratim Sarmah , Umananda Dev Goswami

...The distribution of radio core-dominance is consistent with average projection angles of 13.5, 14.8, 16.8, 20.4, and 28.2 for ISPs, LSPs, FSRQs, HSPs, and radio galaxies, respectively. Linear regression analyses of our data yield…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-28 E. U. Iyida , F. C. Odo , A. E. Chukwude

We report on the optical properties of a sample of 30 BL Lac host galaxies in the redshift range $0.03<z<0.2$, as derived from HST observations. All galaxies are fully resolved in the WFPC2 (F702W filter) images, allowing a quantitative…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. Falomo , R. Scarpa , A. Treves , C. M. Urry

A new continuous classification system for BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects is proposed. The peak frequency of the synchrotron component in the $\nu L_{\nu}$ spectrum is used as a classifying parameter. The application of the accelerating inner…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Markos Georganopoulos , Alan P. Marscher

We present H-band imaging of 23 low redshift (z < 0.3) BL Lac objects that were previously investigated by us in the R-band. For all the observed objects, the host galaxy is well represented by an elliptical model, with average scale length…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. K. Kotilainen , R. Falomo

BL Lacertae (Lac) objects that are detected at very-high energies (VHE) are of fundamental importance to study multiple astrophysical processes, including the physics of jets, the properties of the extragalactic background light and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Michele Fumagalli , Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky , Amy Furniss , J. Xavier Prochaska , David Williams , Kyle Kaplan , Matthew Hogan