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Gamma-ray burst astronomy has undergone a revolution in the last three years, spurred by the discovery of fading long-wavelength counterparts. We now know that at least the long duration GRBs lie at cosmological distances with estimated…

VT (the Visible Telescope) is an optical telescope onboard the SVOM (Space-based Multi-band Astronomical Variable Objects Monitor) mission, specifically designed to detect optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), study their…

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are one of the most energetic phenomena in the cosmos, whose study probes physics extremes beyond the reach of laboratories on Earth. Our quest to unravel the origin of these events and understand their underlying…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-25 Michela Negro , Nicoló Cibrario , Eric Burns , Joshua Wood , Adam Goldstein , Tito Dal Canton

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the brightest sources in the universe, emit mostly in the hard X-ray energy band and have been detected at redshifts up to ~8.1. Thus, they are in principle very powerful probes for cosmology. I shortly review…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-11 L. Amati

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most luminous electromagnetic transients in the universe, providing unique insights into extreme astrophysical processes and serving as promising probes for cosmology. Unlike Type Ia supernovae, which…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-28 Chen Deng , Yong-Feng Huang , Fan Xu , Abdusattar Kurban

The afterglow of a cosmological Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) should appear on the sky as a narrow emission ring of radius 3x10^{16}cm(t/day)^{5/8} which expands faster than light. After a day, the ring radius is comparable to the Einstein radius…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Abraham Loeb , Rosalba Perna

The High Energy X-ray telescope (HE) on-board the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (\textit{Insight}-HXMT) can serve as a wide Field of View (FOV) gamma-ray monitor with high time resolution ($\mu$s) and large effective area (up to thousands…

Extended, fading emissions in multi-wavelength are observed following Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Recent broad-band observational campaigns led by the Swift Observatory reveal rich features of these GRB afterglows. Here we review the latest…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Bing Zhang

The Swift spacecraft detects and autonomously observes ~100 Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) per year, ~96% of which are detected by the X-ray telescope (XRT). GRBs are accompanied by optical transients and the field of ground-based follow-up of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-11-06 P. A. Evans , L. G. Tyler , A. P. Beardmore , J. P. Osborne

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous electromagnetic burst in the Universe. They occur when a rapidly rotating massive star collapses or a binary neutron star merges. These events leave a newborn central compact object, either a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-15 Shigeo S. Kimura

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), short and intense pulses of low energy gamma-rays, have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists since their unexpected discovery in the late sixties. During the last decade, several space missions: BATSE (Burst…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Tsvi Piran

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) rate is essential for revealing the connection between GRBs, supernovae and stellar evolution. Additionally, the GRB rate at high redshift provides a strong probe of star formation history in the early universe.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-25 Amy Lien , Takanori Sakamoto , Neil Gehrels , David M. Palmer , Scott D. Barthelmy , Carlo Graziani , John K. Cannizzo

The TAROT telescopes (Telescopes a Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires) are two robotic observatories designed to observe the prompt optical emission counterpart and the early afterglow of gamma ray bursts (GRBs). We present data…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Klotz , M. Boer , J. L. Atteia , B. Gendre

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which signify the end-life collapsing of very massive stars, are produced by extremely relativistic jets colliding into circumstellar medium. Huge energy is released both in the first few seconds, namely the…

Observations and models of GRBs are reviewed with an emphasis on the early phase of the burst. Recent revision of the early afterglow model is described.

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei M. Beloborodov

The recent years witnessed a dramatic improvement in our knowledge of the phenomenology and physics of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). However, our "pillars of knowledge" remain a few, while many aspects remain obscure and not understood. There is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Gabriele Ghisellini

GRB absorption spectroscopy opened up a new window in the study of the high redshift Universe, especially with the launch of the Swift satellite and the quick and precise localization of the afterglow. Eight-meter class telescopes can be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 V. D'Elia

The explosion that results in a cosmic gamma-ray burst (GRB) is thought to produce emission from two physical processes -- the activity of the central engine gives rise to the high-energy emission of the burst through internal shocking and…

With its rapid-response capability and multiwavelength complement of instruments, the Swift satellite has transformed our physical understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Providing high-quality observations of hundreds of bursts, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 N. Gehrels , E. Ramirez-Ruiz , D. B. Fox

We present an observational approach for the independent detection of the early optical emission of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). For this purpose, we explore the potential of the Large Array Survey Telescope (LAST). This array of small…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-25 Iftach Sadeh