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The temperature of the intergalactic medium (IGM) is set by the competition between photoheating and adiabatic cooling, which are usually assumed to define a tight equation of state in which the temperature increases monotonically with…
We analyze the physical conditions of the cool, photoionized (T $\sim 10^4$ K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) using the COS-Halos suite of gas column density measurements for 44 gaseous halos within 160 kpc of $L \sim L^*$ galaxies at $z \sim…
Ionized interstellar gas is an important component of the interstellar medium and its lifecycle. The recent evidence for a widely distributed highly ionized warm interstellar gas with a density intermediate between the warm ionized medium…
We present a direct measurement of the metallicity distribution function for the high redshift intergalactic medium. We determine the shape of this function using survival statistics, which account for both detections and non-detections of…
Using a novel suite of cosmological simulations zooming in on a Mpc-scale intergalactic sheet or "pancake" at z~3-5, we conduct an in-depth study of the thermal properties and HI content of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) at those…
Models of galaxy formation in a CDM universe predict that massive galaxies are surrounded by a hot, quasi-hydrostatic circumgalactic corona of slowly cooling gas, predominantly accreted from the IGM. This prediction is borne out by the…
We assess the metal content of the cool (10^4 K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) about galaxies at z<1 using an H I-selected sample of 28 Lyman limit systems (LLS, defined here as absorbers with 16.2<log N(H I)<18.5) observed in absorption…
We derive constraints on the thermal and ionization states of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at redshift $\approx$ 9.1 using new upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum measured by the LOFAR radio-telescope and a prior on the ionized…
With high resolution (0.46kpc/h), adaptive mesh-refinement Eulerian cosmological hydrodynamic simulations we compute properties of O VI and O VII absorbers from the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). Our new simulations are in broad…
A substantial fraction of the cosmic baryons is expected to hide in the form of diffuse warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), the majority of which resides in the filaments of the Cosmic Web and has proven very difficult to detect due to…
In this white paper, we summarize current observations of the baryon census at low redshift (Shull, Smith, & Danforth 2012). Measurements of Lya, O-VI, and broad Lya absorbers, together with more careful corrections for metallicity and…
Galaxy groups host the majority of matter and more than half of all the galaxies in the Universe. Their hot ($10^7$ K), X-ray emitting intra-group medium (IGrM) reveals emission lines typical of many elements synthesized by stars and…
Quasar spectra provide a unique opportunity to investigate the intergalactic medium at high redshifts. The spectral analysis of the Ly$\alpha$ forest allows us to constrain the effective equation of state of the intergalactic medium and its…
Recent far-ultraviolet (FUV) absorption line measurements of low-redshift quasars have unveiled a population of intervening broad HI Lya absorbers (BLAs) with large Doppler parameters (b> 40 km/s). If the large width of these lines is…
The filamentary network of intergalactic medium (IGM) gas that gives origin to the Lyman-alpha forest in the spectra of distant quasars encodes information on the physics of structure formation and the early thermodynamics of diffuse…
We investigate the behaviour of cosmological baryons at low redshifts $z<5$ after reionization through analytic means. In particular, we study the density-temperature phase-diagram which describes the history of the gas. We show how the…
Using high redshift radio sources as background, the 21cm forest observations probe the neutral hydrogen absorption signatures of early structures along the lines of sight. Directly sensitive to the spin temperature, it complements the 21cm…
We consider the effects of inhomogeneous reionization on the distribution of galaxies at high redshifts. Modulation of the formation process of the ionizing sources by large scale density modes makes reionization inhomogeneous and…
Modern analyses of structure formation predict a universe tangled in a 'cosmic web' of dark matter and diffuse baryons. These theories further predict that at low-z, a significant fraction of the baryons will be shock-heated to $T \sim…
The hot gas that fills the space between galaxies in clusters is rich in metals. In their large potential wells, galaxy clusters accumulate metals over the whole cluster history and hence they retain important information on cluster…