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This paper describes a serendipitous galaxy cluster survey that we plan to conduct with the XMM X-ray satellite. We have modeled the expected properties of such a survey for three different cosmological models, using an extended…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Kathy Romer , Pedro T. P. Viana , Andrew R. Liddle , Robert G. Mann

We report the serendipitous discovery of an "Einstein Ring" in the optical band from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data and associated four images of a background source. The lens galaxy appears to be a nearby dwarf spheroid at a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Kajal K Ghosh , D. Narasimha

Flux-ratio anomalies in quadruply imaged quasars are sensitive to the imprint of low-mass dark-matter haloes. The reliability of detection depends on the robustness of the smooth mass model. Optical surveys show that massive early-type…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-19 Maverick S. H. Oh , Anna Nierenberg , Daniel Gilman , Simon Birrer

We study a general elliptical potential of the form $\psi(x^2+y^2/q^2)~ (0<q\le 1)$ plus an additional shear (with an arbitrary direction) as models for the observed quadruple lenses. It is shown that a minimum additional shear is needed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Hans J. Witt , Shude Mao

To use strong gravitational lenses as an astrophysical or cosmological probe, models of their mass distributions are often needed. We present a new, time-efficient automation code for uniform modeling of strongly lensed quasars with GLEE, a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 S. Ertl , S. Schuldt , S. H. Suyu , T. Schmidt , T. Treu , S. Birrer , A. J. Shajib , D. Sluse

Galaxies modeled as singular isothermal ellipsoids with an axis ratio distribution similar to the observed axis ratio distribution of E and S0 galaxies are statistically consistent with both the observed numbers of two-image and four-image…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 C. R. Keeton , C. S. Kochanek , U. Seljak

We use publicly available N-body simulations and semi-analytic models of galaxy formation to estimate the levels of external shear due to structure near the lens in gravitational lens systems. We also describe two selection effects,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Gilbert P. Holder , Paul L. Schechter

We argue that globular clusters (GCs) are good candidates for gravitational lenses in explaining quasar-galaxy associations. The catalog of associations (Bukhmastova 2001) compiled from the LEDA catalog of galaxies (Paturel 1997) and from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Yu. L. Bukhmastova

The universe is composed of galaxies that have diverse shapes. Once the structure of a galaxy is determined, it is possible to obtain important information about its formation and evolution. Morphologically classifying galaxies means…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-23 N. M. Cardoso , G. B. O. Schwarz , L. O. Dias , C. R. Bom , L. Sodré , C. Mendes de Oliveira

Globular clusters (GCs) exhibit varying degrees of flattening (ellipticity), which may provide insight into their internal dynamics and evolution histories. Commonly used methods to measure ellipticity, such as ellipse fitting of density…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-22 Laurane Fréour , Ellen Leitinger , Elena Pancino , Alice Zocchi , Glenn van de Ven

The observables in a strong gravitational lens are usually just the image positions and sometimes the flux ratios. We develop a new and simple algorithm which allows a set of models to be fitted exactly to the observations. Taking our cue…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 N. W. Evans , H. J. Witt

Gravitational lens modeling is presented for the first discovered example of a three-component source for which each component is quadruply imaged. The lens is a massive galaxy member of the cluster Cl J0152.7-1357 at z ~ 0.84. Taking…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 C. Grillo , M. Lombardi , P. Rosati , G. Bertin , R. Gobat , R. Demarco , C. Lidman , V. Motta , M. Nonino

If properly calibrated, the shapes of galaxy clusters can be used to investigate many physical processes: from feedback and quenching of star formation, to the nature of dark matter. Theorists frequently measure shapes using moments of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-11 David Harvey , Andrew Robertson , Sut-Ieng Tam , Mathilde Jauzac , Richard Massey , Jason Rhodes , Ian G. McCarthy

The existence and prevalence of planar, co-rotating distributions of satellite galaxies around L* host galaxies in the local universe remains a subject of ongoing debate. Despite numerous observational efforts over the past decade, a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-25 Ethan Crosby , Marcel S. Pawlowski , Oliver Müller , Helmut Jerjen

We homogeneously measured the elliptical shapes of 163 globular clusters (GCs) using the on-sky distribution of their cluster members and the third data release of the ESA mission Gaia (DR3). The astrometry enables the differentiation of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-02 Mauricio Cruz Reyes , Richard I. Anderson

In this Letter we present a detailed study of the lensing configuration in the cluster Abell 2218. Four multiple-images systems with measured spectroscopic redshifts have been identified in this cluster. These multiple images are very…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. Soucail , J. P. Kneib , G. Golse

The properties of satellite dwarf galaxies pose important empirical constraints to verify cosmological models on galaxy scales. Their phase-space correlations, in particular, offer interesting insights into various models. Next to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-02 Nick Heesters , Helmut Jerjen , Oliver Müller , Marcel S. Pawlowski , Kosuke Jamie Kanehisa

Intrinsic alignments of galaxy shapes are a major systematic for weak gravitational lensing and provide insight into how galaxies acquire orientations within the cosmic web. Most studies rely on large statistical samples; here, we probe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-25 M. Mondelin , S. Codis , J. -C. Cuillandre , R. Paviot , T. de Boer

We present in catalog form the optical identifications for objects from the first phase of the Wide Angle ROSAT Pointed Survey (WARPS). WARPS is a serendipitous survey of relatively deep, pointed ROSAT observations for clusters of galaxies.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. S. Perlman , D. J. Horner , L. R. Jones , C. A. Scharf , H. Ebeling , G. Wegner , M. Malkan

The surface brightness distribution of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) often deviates from a perfectly elliptical shape. To capture these deviations in their isophotes during an ellipse fitting analysis, Fourier modes of order $m = 3, 4$…