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Dust is expected to form on a year timescale in core-collapse supernova (SN) ejecta. Its existence is revealed through an infrared brightening, an optical dimming, or a blue-red emission-line profile asymmetry. To investigate how the dust…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-25 Luc Dessart , D. John Hillier , Arkaprabha Sarangi

Neutrino astronomy provides another window to exploring the Universe, exemplified by the detection of a megaelectronvolt neutrino burst from the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) SN~1987A (refs.~\citenum{hir+87,bio+87}). Commonly discussed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-05 Shunhao Ji , Zhongxiang Wang , Litao Zhu , Dong Zheng

Type IIn supernovae (SNe), a rare subclass of core collapse SNe, explode in dense circumstellar media that have been modified by the SNe progenitors at their last evolutionary stages. The interaction of the freely expanding SN ejecta with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-18 Maria Petropoulou , Stefan Coenders , Georgios Vasilopoulos , Atish Kamble , Lorenzo Sironi

The emission of supernova remnants reflects the properties of both the progenitor supernovae and the surrounding environment. The complex morphology of the remnants, however, hampers the disentanglement of the two contributions. Here we aim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-23 S. Orlando , M. Miceli , M. L. Pumo , F. Bocchino

The well-studied Type IIn supernova (SN) 1998S is often dubbed the prototypical SN IIn, and it provides a unique opportunity to study its progenitor star from within as the SN lights up dense circumstellar material (CSM) launched from the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-26 Isaac Shivvers , Jose H. Groh , Jon C. Mauerhan , Ori D. Fox , Douglas C. Leonard , Alexei V. Filippenko

Most of the observational studies of supernova (SN) explosions are limited to early phases (< a few yr after the explosion) of extragalactic SNe and observations of SN remnants (> 100 yr) in our Galaxy or very nearby galaxies. SNe at the…

Type II supernovae (SNe II), which show abundant hydrogen in their spectra, belong to a class of SNe with diverse observed properties. It is commonly accepted that SNe II are produced by core collapse and explosion of massive stars.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-12 Han Lin , Jujia Zhang , Xinghan Zhang

Neutron stars formed in Type II supernovae are likely to be initially obscured by late-time fallback. Although much of the late-time fallback is quickly accreted via neutrino cooling, some material remains on the neutron star, forming an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 C. L. Fryer , S. A. Colgate , P. A. Pinto

The progenitors of Type Ia and some core collapse supernovae are thought to be stars in binary systems, but little observational evidence exists to confirm the hypothesis. We suggest that the collision of the supernova ejecta with its…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 Daniel Kasen

We present new Herschel photometric and spectroscopic observations of Supernova 1987A, carried out in 2012. Our dedicated photometric measurements provide new 70 micron data and improved imaging quality at 100 and 160 micron compared to…

We present late-time near-infrared (NIR) and optical observations of the type IIn SN 1998S. The NIR photometry spans 333-1242 days after explosion, while the NIR and optical spectra cover 333-1191 days and 305-1093 days respectively. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Pozzo , W. P. S. Meikle , A. Fassia , T. Geballe , P. Lundqvist , N. N. Chugai , J. Sollerman

In this letter we present an optical spectrum of SN 2011fe taken 1034 d after the explosion, several hundred days later than any other spectrum of a Type Ia supernova (disregarding light-echo spectra and local-group remnants). The spectrum…

We present optical and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of the Type IIn supernova (SN) 2014ab, obtained by the Carnegie Supernova Project II (CSP-II) and initiated immediately after its optical discovery. We also present…

In spite of the apparent lack of Si II and S II features in its spectra, SN 2002cx was classified as a peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) on the basis of its overall photometric and spectroscopic behavior. Spectra obtained near maximum…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 David Branch , E. Baron , R. C. Thomas , D. Kasen , Weidong Li , Alexei V. Filippenko

We study the spectroscopic evolution of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) later than 100 days after maximum light. We present new data for Gaia16apd and SN2017egm, and analyse these with a larger sample comprising 41 spectra of 12 events.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-30 Matt Nicholl , Edo Berger , Peter K Blanchard , Sebastian Gomez , Ryan Chornock

Near-Infrared (NIR) observations are presented for five Type IIn supernovae (SN 1995N, SN 1997ab, SN 1998S, SN 1999Z, and SN 1999el) that exhibit strong infrared excesses at late times (t >= 100 d). H- and K-band emission from these objects…

We present Spitzer observations at 3.6 and 4.5um of the supernova SN2011dh (PTF11eon) in M51 from 18 days to 625 days after explosion. The mid-infrared emission peaks at 24 days after explosion at a few times 10^7 Lsun, and decays more…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 George Helou , Mansi M. Kasliwal , Eran O. Ofek , Iair Arcavi , Jason Surace , Avishay Gal-Yam

We present optical and ultraviolet observations of nearby type Ic supernova SN 2017ein as well as detailed analysis of its progenitor properties from both the early-time observations and the prediscovery Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images.…

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are strong thermal emitters of infrared radiation. The most prominent lines in the near-infrared spectra of SNRs are [Fe II] lines. The [Fe II] lines are from shocked dense atomic gases, so they trace SNRs in dense…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-15 Bon-Chul Koo