Related papers: Mean Square Radius of EAS Electrons
The present status of extensive air shower (EAS) simulation procedures is reviewed. The advantages of combining numerical and Monte Carlo methods for the description of EAS development are discussed. Physics content of cosmic ray…
Air shower simulation programs are essential tools for the analysis of data from cosmic ray experiments and for planning the layout of new detectors. They are used to estimate the energy and mass of the primary particle. Unfortunately the…
The high-precision HERA data allow searches for up to TeV scales "Beyond the Standard Model" contributions to electron-quark scattering. Combined H1 and ZEUS measurements of inclusive deep inelastic cross sections in neutral and charged…
The differential cross section for elastic electron proton scattering has been calculated taking into account the two photon exchange within the phenomenological description of the electromagnetic electron proton interactions. The…
The hadron production in the simulation of extensive air showers is a long standing problem and the origin of large uncertainties in the reconstruction of the mass of the high energy primary cosmic rays. Hadronic interaction models re-tuned…
Extensive air showers (EAS), produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere, serve as probes of particle interactions, providing access to energies and kinematical regimes beyond the reach of laboratory experiments. Measurements from multiple…
Measuring the angles of muons and electrons in air showers is proposed as a method for studying the primary cosmic-ray mass composition near the knee of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum at a few $10^{15}$ eV. Conventional tracking detectors…
We investigate the feasibility of detecting extensive air showers by the radar technique at viewing angles smaller than $\sim 25^\circ$ to the shower axis. Considering a bistatic radar setup and shower geometries in which the receiver…
Extensive air showers are complex objects, resulting of billions of particle reactions initiated by single cosmic ray at ultra-high-energy. Their characteristics are sensitive both to the mass of the primary cosmic ray and to the details of…
It is shown that using the observed extensive air shower (EAS) electron and truncated muon size spectra at sea level one can solve the EAS inverse problem - reconstruction of primary energy spectra and elemental composition, for not more…
Muons serve as the best probes of the physics of hadronic interactions in the upper atmosphere because of their simple physics. All the properties of detected muons, such as their energy and angle of incidence, are governed by the…
Measuring radio emission from air showers provides excellent opportunities to directly measure all air shower properties, including the shower development. To exploit this in large-scale experiments, a simple and analytic parameterization…
It has been recently confirmed that the magnitude of the EMC effect measured in electron deep inelastic scattering is linearly related to the Short Range Correlation scaling factor obtained from electron inclusive scattering. By using a…
The time-dependent, mean-field Newns-Anderson model for a spin-polarised adsorbate approaching a metallic surface is solved in the wide-band limit. Equations for the time-evolution of the electronic structure of the adsorbate-metal system…
Model calculations are performed of extensive air shower (EAS) component energies using a variety of hadronic interaction parameters. A conversion factor from electromagnetic component energy to the energy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays…
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves lead to rapid scattering of relativistic electrons in Earth's radiation belts, due to their large amplitudes relative to other waves that interact with electrons of this energy range. A central…
In this work we compare the predictions of two representative hadronic interaction models, EPOS 1.99, and QGSJET II-03 with several extensive air showers (EAS) parameters for proton and iron primaries in the energy range $10^{17}$ -…
The dependence of the number of extensive air showers (EAS) on the zenith angle is obtained in groups with a constant solid-angle step with different election types at separations between stations of 500 and 1000 m by using the Yakutsk EAS…
We report here on a novel analysis of the complete set of four Stokes parameters that uniquely determine the linear and/or circular polarization of the radio signal for an extensive air shower. The observed dependency of the circular…
Radiation generated by the passage of a monoenergetic electron bunch above the surface wave excited in plane interface between homogeneous media with different dielectric constants is investigated. For the surface wave of general profile…