Related papers: The Case Against Cold, Dark Chromospheres

The Lyman Continuum (LyC; $<911.12$\AA) forms at the top of the chromosphere in the quiet-Sun, making LyC a powerful tool for probing the chromospheric plasma during solar flares. To understand the effects of non-thermal energy deposition…

The emission of the upper atmosphere of the Sun is closely related to magnetic field concentrations at the solar surface. It is well established that this relation between chromospheric emission and magnetic field is nonlinear. Here we…

The solar atmosphere was traditionally represented with a simple one-dimensional model. Over the past few decades, this paradigm shifted for the chromosphere and corona that constitute the outer atmosphere, which is now considered a dynamic…

The energetic landscape of charge transfer (CT) states at the interface of electron donating and electron accepting domains in organic optoelectronic devices is crucial for their performance. Central questions -- such as the role of static…

The variation with time from 1956-2002 of the globally averaged rate of ionization produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere is deduced and shown to have a cyclic component of period roughly twice the 11 year solar cycle period. Long term…

A major goal in solar physics has during the last five decades been to find how energy flux generated in the solar convection zone is transported and dissipated in the outer solar layers. Progress in this field has been slow and…

The daily sunspot numbers of the whole disk as well as the northern and southern hemispheres from January 1, 1945 to December 31, 2010 are used to investigate the temporal variation of the rotational cycle length through the continuous…

Rotation is a significant characteristic of the Sun and other stars, and it plays an important role in understanding their dynamo actions and magnetic activities. In this study, the rotation of the solar chromospheric activity is…

The solar chromosphere is very dynamic, due to the presence of large amplitude hydrodynamic waves. Their propagation is affected by NLTE radiative transport in strong spectral lines, which can in turn be used to diagnose the dynamics of the…

Theoretical studies of the physical processes guiding the formation and evolution of galaxies and galaxy clusters in the X-ray are mainly based on the results of numerical hydrodynamical N-body simulations, which in turn are often directly…

We use a new Atmospheric Chemistry and Energetics one-dimensional (ACE1D) thermospheric model to show that the energies deposited by the solar soft x-rays in the lower thermosphere at altitudes between 100 -150 km (Bailey et al. 2000),…

The total solar irradiance (TSI) varies on timescales of minute to centuries. On short timescales it varies due to the superposition of intensity fluctuations produced by turbulent convection and acoustic oscillations. On longer scale…

The physics of the solar chromosphere is complex from both theoretical and modeling perspectives. The plasma temperature from the photosphere to corona increases from ~5,000 K to ~1 million K over a distance of only ~10,000 km from the…

Context. Photospheric motions shuffle the footpoints of the strong axial magnetic field that threads coronal loops giving rise to turbulent nonlinear dynamics characterized by the continuous formation and dissipation of field-aligned…

It is shown that global climate exhibits chaotic response to solar forcing variability in a vast range of timescales: from annual to multi-millennium. Unlike linear systems, where periodic forcing leads to periodic response, nonlinear…

To evaluate the role of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) on Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface air temperature trends it is important to have reliable estimates of both quantities. 16 different TSI estimates were compiled from the literature. 1/2…

I review the literature on observational aspects of waves in the solar chromosphere in the first part of this contribution. High-frequency waves are invoked to build elaborate cool-star chromosphere heating theories but have not been…

The existence of the million-degree corona above the cooler photosphere is an unsolved problem in astrophysics. Detailed study of quiescent corona that exists regardless of the phase of the solar cycle may provide fruitful hints towards…

We study a scenario for the very early universe in which there is a fast phase transition from a non-geometric, high temperature phase to a low temperature, geometric phase described by a classical solution to the Einstein equations. In…

Solar observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) provide us with direct measurements of the brightness temperature in the solar chromosphere. We study the temperature distributions obtained with ALMA Band 6…