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We study principal component analysis (PCA), where given a dataset in $\mathbb{R}^d$ from a distribution, the task is to find a unit vector $v$ that approximately maximizes the variance of the distribution after being projected along $v$.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Ankit Pensia , Thanasis Pittas

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a powerful method that can identify patterns in large, complex data sets by constructing low-dimensional order parameters from higher-dimensional feature vectors. There are increasing efforts to use…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 C. J. O. Reichhardt , D. McDermott , C. Reichhardt

We demonstrate that Principal Component Analysis (PCA), when applied in a structured manner, either to polar-transformed images or segment-wise to token sequences, enables extreme compression of neural models without sacrificing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Magnus Bengtsson

We present relativistic $N$-body simulations of a $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM - sign-switching cosmological constant (CC) - scenario under general relativity and compare its nonlinear matter power spectrum to $\Lambda$CDM at ${z =…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-13 Özgür Akarsu , Eleonora Di Valentino , Jiří Vyskočil , Ezgi Yılmaz , A. Emrah Yükselci , Alexander Zhuk

We study the problem of high-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with missing observations. In simple, homogeneous missingness settings with a noise level of constant order, we show that an existing inverse-probability weighted…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-01 Ziwei Zhu , Tengyao Wang , Richard J. Samworth

We perform a detailed confrontation of various oscillating dark-energy parame-trizations with the latest sets of observational data. In particular, we use data from Joint Light Curve analysis (JLA) sample from Supernoave Type Ia, Baryon…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-19 Supriya Pan , Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Weiqiang Yang

We compare and validate COLA (COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration) simulations against existing emulators in the literature, namely Bacco and Euclid Emulator 2. Our analysis focuses on the non-linear response function, i.e., the ratio between…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-28 Guilherme Brando , Bartolomeo Fiorini , Kazuya Koyama , Hans A. Winther

A set of curves or images of similar shape is an increasingly common functional data set collected in the sciences. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the most widely used technique to decompose variation in functional data. However, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-29 Rima Izem , J. S. Marron

We study principal component analysis (PCA) for mean zero i.i.d. Gaussian observations $X_1,\dots, X_n$ in a separable Hilbert space $\mathbb{H}$ with unknown covariance operator $\Sigma.$ The complexity of the problem is characterized by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-21 Vladimir Koltchinskii , Matthias Löffler , Richard Nickl

This article establishes a new and comprehensive estimation and inference theory for principal component analysis (PCA) under the weak factor model that allow for cross-sectional dependent idiosyncratic components under the nearly minimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-02 Jianqing Fan , Yuling Yan , Yuheng Zheng

Principal component analysis (PCA) is largely adopted for chemical process monitoring and numerous PCA-based systems have been developed to solve various fault detection and diagnosis problems. Since PCA-based methods assume that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Haitao Zhao

We present a technique to perform dimensionality reduction on data that is subject to uncertainty. Our method is a generalization of traditional principal component analysis (PCA) to multivariate probability distributions. In comparison to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Jochen Görtler , Thilo Spinner , Dirk Streeb , Daniel Weiskopf , Oliver Deussen

We study the power spectrum of galaxies in redshift space, with third order perturbation theory to include corrections that are absent in linear theory. We assume a local bias for the galaxies: i.e. the galaxy density is sampled from some…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 A. F. Heavens , S. Matarrese , L. Verde

Hyperspectral optical imaging provides rich spectral information for estimating continuous environmental and material parameters; however, its high dimensionality and strong feature correlation pose significant challenges for machine…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-18 Parisa Parand , Mahmoud Samadpour

We apply principal component analysis, a method frequently used in image processing and unsupervised machine learning, to characterize particle displacements observed in the steady shear flow of amorphous solids. PCA produces a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-09-17 Céline Ruscher , Jörg Rottler

Principal component analysis (PCA) is recognised as a quintessential data analysis technique when it comes to describing linear relationships between the features of a dataset. However, the well-known sensitivity of PCA to non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-28 Jean P. Chereau , Bruno Scalzo Dees , Danilo P. Mandic

In this work, we are trying to extent the existing photometric redshift regression models from modeling pure photometric data back to the spectra themselves. To that end, we developed a PCA that is capable of describing the input…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-21 S. D. Kügler , N. Gianniotis

We examine Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature power spectra from the BOOMERANG, MAXIMA, and DASI experiments. We non-parametrically estimate the true power spectrum with no model assumptions. This is a significant departure from…

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known linear dimension-reduction method that has been widely used in data analysis and modeling. It is an unsupervised learning technique that identifies a suitable linear subspace for the input…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-10 Shaojie Xu , Joel Vaughan , Jie Chen , Agus Sudjianto , Vijayan Nair

Standard cosmic microwave background (CMB) analyses constrain cosmological and astrophysical parameters by fitting parametric models to multifrequency power spectra (MFPS). However, such methods do not optimally weight maps in power…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-25 Kristen M. Surrao , J. Colin Hill