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Young massive clusters (YMCs) have central stellar mass surface densities exceeding $10^{4} M_{\odot} pc^{-2}$. It is currently unknown whether the stars formed at such high (proto)stellar densities. We compile a sample of gas clouds in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-02-17 D. L. Walker , S. N. Longmore , N. Bastian , J. M. D. Kruijssen , J. M. Rathborne , R. Galván-Madrid , H. B. Liu

We present a steady-state analytical model for pressure-regulated formation of molecular clouds (MC) and stars (SF) in gaseous galactic disks and apply it to the Milky Way (MW). MC formation depends on midplane interstellar pressure…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-06 José Franco , Aldo Rodríguez-Puebla , Javier Ballesteros-Paredes , Manuel Zamora-Avilez

We present an analysis of the systematic CO(2-1) survey at 12" resolution covering most of the local group spiral M 33 which, at a distance of 840 kpc, is close enough that individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs) can be identified. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 P. Gratier , J. Braine , N. J. Rodriguez-Fernandez , K. F. Schuster , C. Kramer , E. Corbelli , F. Combes , N. Brouillet , P. P. van der Werf , M. Röllig

The sub-kpc scale gas structure encodes key information of giant molecular cloud (GMC) formation. Therefore, we aim for a quantitative description of molecular gas structure across 150-1000 pc using a sample of 8984 GMCs from 40 galaxies…

We study the mass-density relationship n ~ m^x in molecular cloud condensations (clumps), considering various equipartition relations between their gravitational, kinetic, internal and magnetic energies. Clumps are described statistically,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Sava Donkov , Todor Veltchev , Ralf S. Klessen

We present the first interferometric CO(J=1->0) map of the entire H-alpha disk of M33. The 13" diameter synthesized beam corresponds to a linear resolution of 50 pc, sufficient to distinguish individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs). From…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. Engargiola , R. Plambeck , E. Rosolowsky , L. Blitz

We investigate collisions between giant molecular clouds (GMCs) as potential generators of their internal turbulence. Using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of self-gravitating, magnetized, turbulent, GMCs, we compare kinematic and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-24 Benjamin Wu , Jonathan C. Tan , Fumitaka Nakamura , Duncan Christie , Qi Li

We review the progress that has been made in observing and analyzing molecular cloud structure in recent years. Structures are self-similar over a wide range of scales with similar power law indices independent of the star forming nature of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jonathan P. Williams , Leo Blitz , Christopher F. McKee

We investigated the giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in M74 (NGC 628), using data obtained from the PHANGS project. We applied the GMC Types according to the activity of star formation: Type I without star formation, Type II with H$\alpha$…

Multiple mechanisms are proposed for the formation of giant molecular clouds (GMCs), from gravitational free-fall caused by self-gravity to stellar feedback-driven gas compression. Both the galactic environment and galaxy conditions could…

We present a comparative study of the size-line width relation for substructures within six molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) mapped with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Our sample extends our…

Compression in giant molecular cloud (GMC) collisions is a promising mechanism to trigger formation of massive star clusters and OB associations. We simulate colliding and non-colliding magnetised GMCs and examine the properties of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-04-05 Chia-Jung Hsu , Jonathan C. Tan , Duncan Christie , Yu Cheng , Theo J. O'Neill

We present a large suite of MHD simulations of turbulent, star-forming giant molecular clouds(GMCs) with stellar feedback, extending previous work by simulating 10 different random realizations for each point in the parameter space of cloud…

To investigate how molecular clouds react to different environmental conditions at a galactic scale, we present a catalogue of giant molecular clouds resolved down to masses of $\sim 10$~M$_{\odot}$ from a simulation of the entire disc of…

We use high spatial resolution observations of CO to systematically measure the resolved size-line width, luminosity-line width, luminosity-size, and the mass-luminosity relations of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in a variety of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Alberto D. Bolatto , Adam K. Leroy , Erik Rosolowsky , Fabian Walter , Leo Blitz

We investigate the formation of stars within giant molecular clouds (GMCs) evolving in environments of different global magnetic field strength and large-scale dynamics. Building upon a series of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-03-25 Benjamin Wu , Jonathan C. Tan , Duncan Christie , Fumitaka Nakamura

A strong correlation between atmospheric pressure and molecular gas mass is found in central cluster galaxies and early-type galaxies. This trend and a similar trend with atmospheric gas density would naturally arise if the molecular clouds…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-28 Iurii Babyk , Brian McNamara , Paul Nulsen , Helen Russell , Alastair Edge , Leo Blitz

The Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is the largest concentration of dense molecular gas in the Galaxy, the structure of which is shaped by the complex interplay between Galactic-scale dynamics and extreme physical conditions.…

Describing how the properties of the interstellar medium combine across size-scales is crucial for understanding star formation scaling laws and connecting Galactic and extragalactic data of molecular clouds. We describe how the statistical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-15 Andri Spilker , Jouni Kainulainen , Jan Orkisz

Using observed GALEX far-ultraviolet (FUV) fluxes and VLA images of the 21-cm HI column densities, along with estimates of the local dust abundances, we measure the volume densities of a sample of actively star-forming giant molecular…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jonathan S. Heiner , Ronald J. Allen , O. Ivy Wong , Pieter C. van der Kruit