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Spinning black holes store rotational energy that can be extracted. When a black hole is immersed in an externally supplied magnetic field, reconnection of magnetic field lines within the ergosphere can generate negative energy (relative to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-14 Luca Comisso , Felipe A. Asenjo

It is widely believed that some classes of high-energy transients may be powered by the rotational energy of a rapidly spinning black hole. The energy extraction mechanism commonly discussed involves macroscopic magnetic fields that are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Amir Levinson

When some magnetic field lines connect a Kerr black hole with a disk rotating around it, energy and angular momentum are transferred between them. If the black hole rotates faster than the disk, $ca/GM_H>0.36$ for a thin Keplerian disk,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Li-Xin Li

Magnetic reconnection process in the ergosphere is investigated for a relativistic plasma around a rotating non-Kerr black hole. For a rotating non-Kerr black hole immersed in magnetic field generated by an externally material,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-18 Wenshuai Liu

Magnetic reconnection within a highly magnetized plasma has been seen as a viable mechanism to extract the energy from a rotating black hole, as it can generate negative energy plasmoids in the ergoregion. For a typical accreting black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-08 Bin Chen , Yehui Hou , Junyi Li , Ye Shen

It has been thought for decades that rotating black holes (BHs) power the energetic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs), but the mechanism that extracts the BH energy has remained elusive. We here show that the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-17 J. A. Rueda , R. Ruffini

We analyze the extraction of the rotational energy of a Kerr black hole (BH) endowed with a test charge and surrounded by an external test magnetic field and ionized low-density matter. For a magnetic field parallel to the BH spin,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-08 J. A. Rueda , R. Ruffini

We investigate mechanisms of energy extraction from a rotating black hole in terms of negative energy-at-infinity. In addition to the Penrose process through particle fission, the Blandford-Znajek mechanism by magnetic tension, and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Shinji Koide , Kenzo Arai

Recently, a class of exact solutions describing rotating black holes immersed in a uniform magnetic field has been proposed, and various properties of such black holes remain unclear. This paper aims to explore how to extract energy based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-20 Xiao-Xiong Zeng , Ke Wang

The highest efficiency of converting rest mass into energy by accreting matter into a Kerr black hole is ~ 31% (Thorne 1974). We propose a new process in which periods of accretion from a thin disk, and the associated spin-up of the black…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Li-Xin Li , Bohdan Paczynski

Based on the magnetic reconnection mechanism, this study investigates how to extract energy effectively from an accelerating Kerr black hole in the plunging region and circular orbit region. After introducing the properties of accelerating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-03 Ke Wang , Xiao-Xiong Zeng

It has been recently shown that magnetic reconnection can provide us a novel mechanism to extract black hole rotational energy from a Kerr black holes. In this paper, we study the energy extraction from the Kerr-de Sitter black hole via…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-14 Chao-Hui Wang , Cheng-Qun Pang , Shao-Wen Wei

The energy extraction from an electrostatic black hole by the decay or splitting of electrically charged particles is analyzed. We determine the energetic conditions that make the extraction process viable and present a general expression…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-27 A. Baez , Nora Breton , I. Cabrera-Munguia

The effect of mass and energy loading on the efficiency at which energy can be extracted magnetically from a Kerr black hole is explored, using a semi-analytic, ideal MHD model that incorporates plasma injection on magnetic field lines. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Noemie Globus , Amir Levinson

We present a new upper limit on the energy that may be extracted from a Kerr black hole by means of particle collisions in the ergosphere (i.e., the "collisional Penrose process"). Earlier work on this subject has focused largely on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-24 Jeremy D. Schnittman

Spinning black holes create electromagnetic storms when immersed in ambient magnetic fields, illuminating the otherwise epically dark terrain. In an electromagnetic extension of the Penrose process, tremendous energy can be extracted,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-17 Kshitij Gupta , Y. T. Albert Law , Janna Levin

Magnetic reconnection has been extensively shown to be a promising approach to extract spinning black hole energy. In this paper, we focus on extracting spinning wormhole energy via such mechanism. The study shows that it is indeed possible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-06 Xu Ye , Chao-Hui Wang , Shao-Wen Wei

The mass--energy formula of black holes implies that up to 50% of the energy can be extracted from a static black hole. Such a result is reexamined using the recently established analytic formulas for the collapse of a shell and expression…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Remo Ruffini , Luca Vitagliano

The Comisso-Asenjo mechanism is a novel mechanism proposed recently to extract energy from black holes through magnetic reconnection of the surrounding charged plasma, in which the magnetic field plays a crucial role. In this work, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-22 Shao-Jun Zhang

We explore the extraction of energy from a rotating black hole spacetime modified by a quantum correction parameter \( \alpha \). Focusing on particle splitting within the ergoregion, we analyze the Penrose process and compute the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-05 Urooj Fatima , G. Abbas
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