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The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is a fundamental assumption in cosmological studies. Given the redshift $z$, it relates luminosity distance $D^L$ with angular diameter distance $D^A$ through $(1+z)^2D^A/D^L\equiv1$. Many efforts…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-04 Kai Liao

We present an analytical approximation formula for the luminosity distance in spatially flat cosmologies with dust and a cosmological constant. We also show the approximate formulae for the so-called Dyer-Roeder distance (empty beam case)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-30 Masaru Adachi , Masumi Kasai

Studies of the distribution and evolution of galaxies are of fundamental importance to modern cosmology; these studies, however, are hampered by the complexity of the competing effects of spectral and density evolution. Constructing a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. J. Brunner , A. J. Connolly , A. S. Szalay

We have had the chance to live through a fascinating revolution in measuring the fundamental empirical cosmological Hubble law. The key progress is analysed : 1) improvement of observational means (ground-based radio and optical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-10 Georges Paturel , Pekka Teerikorpi , Yurij Baryshev

The measurement of distance between two objects is generalized to the case where the objects are no longer points but are one-dimensional. Additional concepts such as non-extensibility, curvature constraints, and non-crossing become central…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-03-04 Steven S. Plotkin

The dependence of luminosity distance on observed resdhift and the cosmological parameters H and q is derived for a contracting Friedmann universe with no cosmological constant. The result is consistent with recent supernovae observations.

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 W. Q. Sumner , E. E. Vityaev

We investigate the distance-redshift relation in a realistic inhomogeneous universe where the mass distribution is described by the mass function of Sheth and Tormen. It is found that the derived distance deviates systematically from the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-19 Tomohiro Okamura , Toshifumi Futamase

The cosmic distance duality relation is a milestone of cosmology involving the luminosity and angular diameter distances. Any departure of the relation points to new physics or systematic errors in the observations, therefore tests of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-01 S. Santos-da-Costa , V. C. Busti , R. F. L. Holanda

An attempt is made here to extend to the microscopic domain the scale invariant character of gravitation - which amounts to consider expansion as applying to any physical scale. Surprisingly, this hypothesis does not prevent the redshift…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Pierre Midy , Jean-Pierre Petit

We discuss how the redshift (Mattig) method in Friedmann cosmology relates to dynamical distance indicators based on Newton's gravity (Teerikorpi 2011). It belongs to the class of indicators where the relevant length inside the system is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-16 Pekka Teerikorpi , Yurij Baryshev

Two types of distance measurement are important in cosmological observations, the angular diameter distance $d_A$ and the luminosity distance $d_L$. In the present work, we carried out an assessment of the theoretical relation between these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Purba Mukherjee , Ankan Mukherjee

We present an analytical solution for the luminosity distance in spatially flat cosmology with pressureless matter and the cosmological constant. The complex analytical solution is made of a real part and a negligible imaginary part. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-16 L. Zaninetti

The gravitational waves generated in the coalescence of massive binary black holes will be measurable by LISA to enormous distances. Redshifts z~10 or larger (depending somewhat on the mass of the binary) can potentially be probed by such…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Scott A. Hughes , Daniel E. Holz

Distance transformation is an image processing technique used for many different applications. Related to a binary image, the general idea is to determine the distance of all background points to the nearest object point (or vice versa). In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Tilo Strutz

We present the time drift of the cosmological redshift in a general spherically symmetric spacetime. We demonstrate that its observation would allow us to test the Copernican principle and so determine if our universe is radially…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Jean-Philippe Uzan , Chris Clarkson , George F. R. Ellis

We describe a wide class of inhomogeneous relativistic solutions that are well approximated on cosmological scales by solutions of Newtonian gravity. Error estimates measuring the difference between the Newtonian and relativistic solutions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-06-06 Todd A. Oliynyk

Cosmography is a widely applied method to infer kinematics of the Universe at small cosmological scales while remaining agnostic about the theory of gravity at play. Usually cosmologists invoke the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-25 Hayley J. Macpherson , Asta Heinesen

We developed a modification to the calculation of the two-point correlation function commonly used in the analysis of large scale structure in cosmology. An estimator of the two-point correlation function is constructed by contrasting the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-20 Regina Demina , Sanha Cheong , Segev BenZvi , Otto Hindrichs

The value of the cosmological constant arising from a crystalline model for vacuum cosmic space with lattice parameter of the order of the neutron radius [1] has been calculated. The model allows to solve, in an easy way, the problem of the…

On small scales the observable Universe is highly inhomogeneous, with galaxies and clusters forming a complex web of voids and filaments. The optical properties of such configurations can be quite different from the perfectly smooth…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-19 Viraj A. A. Sanghai , Pierre Fleury , Timothy Clifton