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The observation of very-high-energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma rays is mediated by the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique (IACTs). At these energies, gamma rays interact with the atmosphere to create a cascade of electromagnetic air…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-22 Deivid Ribeiro , Yuping Zheng , Ramana Sankar , Kameswara Mantha

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the world's leading ground-based gamma-ray observatory allowing us to study very high energy phenomena in the Universe. CTA will produce huge data sets, of the order of petabytes, and the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-02 S. Mangano , C. Delgado , M. Bernardos , M. Lallena , J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez

The Pierre Auger Observatory, with an array of currently more than 1200 Cherenkov detectors filled with 12 m$^3$ of water, can detect the putative high energy emission of a GRB (photons down to a few hundreds of MeV) by the so-called…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 X. Bertou

Cascades of charged particles are created when high-energy cosmic rays enter the earth's atmosphere: these 'extensive air-showers' are studied to gain information on the energy spectrum, arrival direction distribution and mass composition…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 A A Watson

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are two leading instruments in the ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray domain. HAWC employs the water Cherenkov detection (WCD)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-09 H. Abdalla , F. Aharonian , F. Ait Benkhali , E. O. Angüner , C. Arcaro , C. Armand , T. Armstrong , H. Ashkar , M. Backes , V. Baghmanyan , V. Barbosa Martins , A. Barnacka , M. Barnard , Y. Becherini , D. Berge , K. Bernlöhr , B. Bi , M. Böttcher , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , M. de Bony de Lavergne , M. Breuhaus , R. Brose , F. Brun , P. Brun , M. Bryan , M. Büchele , T. Bulik , T. Bylund , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , T. Chand , S. Chandra , A. Chen , G. Cotter , M. Curyło , J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye , I. D. Davids , J. Davies , C. Deil , J. Devin , L. Dirson , A. Djannati-Ataï , A. Dmytriiev , A. Donath , V. Doroshenko , L. Dreyer , C. Duffy , J. Dyks , K. Egberts , F. Eichhorn , S. Einecke , G. Emery , J. -P. Ernenwein , K. Feijen , S. Fegan , A. Fiasson , G. Fichet de Clairfontaine , G. Fontaine , S. Funk , M. Füßling , S. Gabici , Y. A. Gallant , G. Giavitto , L. Giunti , D. Glawion , J. F. Glicenstein , D. Gottschall , M. -H. Grondin , J. Hahn , M. Haupt , G. Hermann , J. A. Hinton , W. Hofmann , C. Hoischen , T. L. Holch , M. Holler , M. Hörbe , D. Horns , D. Huber , M. Jamrozy , D. Jankowsky , F. Jankowsky , I. Jung-Richardt , E. Kasai , M. A. Kastendieck , K. Katarzyński , U. Katz , D. Khangulyan , B. Khélifi , S. Klepser , W. Kluźniak , Nu. Komin , R. Konno , K. Kosack , D. Kostunin , M. Kreter , G. Lamanna , A. Lemière , M. Lemoine-Goumard , J. -P. Lenain , F. Leuschner , C. Levy , T. Lohse , I. Lypova , J. Mackey , J. Majumdar , D. Malyshev , D. Malyshev , V. Marandon , P. Marchegiani , A. Marcowith , A. Mares , G. Martí-Devesa , R. Marx , G. Maurin , P. J. Meintjes , M. Meyer , A. M. W. Mitchell , R. Moderski , L. Mohrmann , A. Montanari , C. Moore , P. Morris , E. Moulin , J. Muller , T. Murach , K. Nakashima , A. Nayerhoda , M. de Naurois , H. Ndiyavala , J. Niemiec , L. Oakes , P. O Brien , H. Odaka , S. Ohm , L. Olivera-Nieto , E. de Ona Wilhelmi , M. Ostrowski , S. Panny , M. Panter , R. D. Parsons , G. Peron , B. Peyaud , Q. Piel , S. Pita , V. Poireau , A. Priyana Noel , D. A. Prokhorov , H. Prokoph , G. Pühlhofer , M. Punch , A. Quirrenbach , S. Raab , R. Rauth , P. Reichherzer , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , Q. Remy , M. Renaud , F. Rieger , L. Rinchiuso , C. Romoli , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , V. Sahakian , S. Sailer , H. Salzmann , D. A. Sanchez , A. Santangelo , M. Sasaki , J. Schäfer , F. Schüssler , H. M. Schutte , U. Schwanke , M. Seglar-Arroyo , M. Senniappan , A. S. Seyffert , N. Shafi , J. N. S. Shapopi , K. Shiningayamwe , R. Simoni , A. Sinha , H. Sol , A. Specovius , S. Spencer , M. Spir-Jacob , Ł. Stawarz , L. Sun , R. Steenkamp , C. Stegmann , S. Steinmassl , C. Steppa , T. Takahashi , T. Tavernier , A. M. Taylor , R. Terrier , J. H. E. Thiersen , D. Tiziani , M. Tluczykont , L. Tomankova , C. Trichard , M. Tsirou , R. Tuffs , Y. Uchiyama , D. J. van der Walt , C. van Eldik , C. van Rensburg , B. van Soelen , G. Vasileiadis , J. Veh , C. Venter , P. Vincent , J. Vink , H. J. Völk , Z. Wadiasingh , S. J. Wagner , J. Watson , F. Werner , R. White , A. Wierzcholska , Yu Wun Wong , A. Yusafzai , M. Zacharias , R. Zanin , D. Zargaryan , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , S. J. Zhu , A. Zmija , J. Zorn , S. Zouari , N. Żywucka , A. Albert , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , K. P. Arunbabu , D. Avila Rojas , V. Baghmanyan , E. Belmont-Moreno , S. Y. BenZvi , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistrán , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , E. De la Fuente , C. de León , R. Diaz Hernandez , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , M. Durocher , R. W. Ellsworth , K. Engel , C. Espinoza , K. L. Fan , M. Fernández Alonso , N. Fraija , A. Galván-Gámez , D. Garcia , J. A. García-González , F. Garfias , G. Giacinti , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , J. P. Harding , S. Hernandez , B. Hona , D. Huang , F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Iriarte , A. Jardin-Blicq , V. Joshi , D. Kieda , W. H. Lee , H. León Vargas , J. T. Linnemann , A. L. Longinotti , G. Luis-Raya , R. López-Coto , K. Malone , O. Martinez , I. Martinez-Castellanos , J. Martínez-Castro , J. A. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , J. A. Morales-Soto , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , A. Nayerhoda , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , M. U. Nisa , R. Noriega-Papaqui , N. Omodei , A. Peisker , Y. Pérez Araujo , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , C. D. Rho , D. Rosa-González , E. Ruiz-Velasco , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , J. Serna-Franco , A. J. Smith , R. W. Springer , P. Surajbali , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , R. Torres-Escobedo , R. Turner , F. Ureña-Mena , L. Villaseñor , T. Weisgarber , E. Willox , H. Zhou

We present an updated catalog of TeV gamma-ray sources based on the fifth pass of data from the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. This release benefits from improved event reconstruction and nearly three additional years of…

During the several months of the outburst of Mkn 501 in 1997 the source has been monitored in TeV gamma-rays with the HEGRA stereoscopic system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Quite remarkably it turned out that the shapes of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Aharonian

In order to characterise the behaviour of Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCD) under a sudden increase of 1 GeV - 1 TeV background photons from a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB), simulations were conducted and compared to data acquired by the WCD of the…

The imminent availability of large arrays of large light collectors deployed to exploit atmospheric Cherenkov radiation for gamma-ray astronomy at more than 100GeV, motivates the growing interest in application of intensity interferometry…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-30 M. Daniel , W. J. de Wit , D. Dravins , D. Kieda , S. LeBohec , P. Nunez , E. Ribak

The Disp method is an algorithm that is used for reconstruction of primary gamma ray direction in ground- based atmospheric Cherenkov telescope experiments -measuring very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays in the energy range between 100GeV and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 G. D. Şentürk

Cosmic ray electrons represent a background for gamma-ray observations with Cherenkov telescopes, initiating air-showers which are difficult to distinguish from photon-initiated showers. This similarity, however, and the presence of cosmic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-16 R. D. Parsons , J. A. Hinton , H. Schoorlemmer

We present a new gamma ray energy reconstruction method based on Random Forest to be commonly used for the data analysis of the MAGIC Telescopes, a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. The energy resolution with the new…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-28 Kazuma Ishio , David Paneque

The Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) is unusual in astronomy as the atmosphere actually forms an intrinsic part of the detector system, with telescopes indirectly detecting very high energy particles by the generation and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 M. K. Daniel

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) experiment is a refracting terrestrial telescope array based on the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique. It focuses the Cherenkov light emitted by extensive air showers…

Ground based Cherenkov telescope systems measure astrophysical gamma-ray emission against a background of cosmic-ray induced air showers. The subtraction of this background is a major challenge for the extraction of spectra and morphology…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 D. Berge , S. Funk , J. Hinton

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation observatory employing different types of Cherenkov telescopes for the detection of particle showers initiated by very-high-energy gamma rays. A good knowledge of the Earth's…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-22 Stanislav Stefanik , Raquel de los Reyes , Dalibor Nosek

A Monte-Carlo study is presented using ground based measurements of the electromagnetic part of showers initiated in the atmosphere by high energetic cosmic rays to reconstruct energy and mass of primary particles with energies above 300…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-15 A. Lindner

Iron cosmic rays represent the most abundant heavy nuclei at energies above 1 TeV, with their production thought to be primarily originated by astrophysical sources. Therefore, measuring the iron spectrum provides crucial insights into the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-21 M. Molero , S. Mangano , C. Delgado

Surveys open up unbiased discovery space and generate legacy datasets of long-lasting value. One of the goals of imaging arrays of Cherenkov telescopes like CTA is to survey areas of the sky for faint very high energy gamma-ray (VHE)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 G. Dubus , J. L. Contreras , S. Funk , Y. Gallant , T. Hassan , J. Hinton , Y. Inoue , J. Knödlseder , P. Martin , N. Mirabal , M. de Naurois , M. Renaud

Pachmarhi Array of \v{C}erenkov Telescopes (PACT) has been designed to search for celestial TeV $\gamma-$rays using the wavefront sampling technique. PACT, located at Pachmarhi, (latitude 22$^\circ$ 28$^\prime$ N, longitude 76$^\circ$…

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