Related papers: Theory of solar luminosity variations
Magnetic fields on the surface of the Sun and stars in general imprint or modify the polarization state of the electromagnetic radiation that is leaving from the star. The inference of solar/stellar magnetic fields is performed by…
The correct interpretation of the large amount of complex data from next-generation (in particular, space-based) observational facilities requires a very strong theoretical underpinning. One can thus predict that in the near future the use…
Experimental work with solar neutrinos has illuminated the properties of neutrinos and tested models of how the sun produces its energy. Three experiments continue to take data, and at least seven are in various stages of planning or…
Selected topics in solar dynamo theory are being highlighted. The possible relevance of the near-surface shear layer is discussed. The role of turbulent downward pumping is mentioned in connection with earlier concerns that a…
During the last century, with the development of modern physics in such diverse fields as thermodynamics, statistical physics, and nuclear and particle physics, the basic principles of the evolution of stars have been successfully well…
Motivated by the solar composition problem and by using the recently developed Linear Solar Model approach, we analyze the role of opacity and metals in the sun. After a brief discussion of the relation between the effects produced by a…
This article surveys the development of observational understanding of the interior rotation of the Sun and its temporal variation over approximately forty years, starting with the 1960s attempts to determine the solar core rotation from…
The solar cycle is a complex phenomenon. To comprehensively understand it, we have to study various tracers. The most important component of this complex is the solar dynamo, which is understood as self-excitation of the solar magnetic…
Helioseismology has provided very precise information about the solar internal sound speed and density throughout most of the solar interior. The results are generally quite close to the properties of standard solar models. Since the solar…
As photovoltaic power is expanding rapidly worldwide, it is imperative to assess its promise under future climate scenarios. While a great deal of research has been devoted to trends of mean solar radiation, less attention has been paid to…
Helioseismology is the study of the variations in the internal structure and properties of the dynamics of the Sun from measurements of its surface oscillations. With the 2010 launch of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) we are…
Observations of the Sun and solar-type stars continue to reveal phenomena whose understanding is very likely to require a nonlinear framework. Here we shall concentrate on two such phenomena, namely the grand minima type behaviour observed…
The solar activity cycle is a manifestation of the hydromagnetic dynamo working inside our star. The detection of activity cycles in solar-like stars and the study of their properties allow us to put the solar dynamo in perspective,…
The climate system is a forced, dissipative, nonlinear, complex and heterogeneous system that is out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The system exhibits natural variability on many scales of motion, in time as well as space, and it is subject…
The intensity and energy spectrum of energetic charged radiation in the heliosphere are significantly influenced by solar activity. This phenomenon is known as solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays. As interplanetary travel becomes a…
The structure of the surface layers of the Sun is changed by magnetic activity which, in turn, changes the eigenfrequencies of the acoustic modes. These frequency shifts have been observed both in low- and high-degree data, and are found to…
The total solar irradiance (TSI) varies on timescales of minute to centuries. On short timescales it varies due to the superposition of intensity fluctuations produced by turbulent convection and acoustic oscillations. On longer scale…
Long-term observational data have information on the magnetic cycles of active stars and that of the Sun. The changes in the activity of our central star have basic effects on Earth, like variations in the global climate. Therefore…
Changes in the atmospheric composition alter the magnitude and partitioning between the downward propagating solar and atmospheric longwave radiative fluxes heating the Earth's surface. These changes are computed by radiative transfer codes…
A long-term variation is detected in the north-south differences of the solar activity, the phase difference of hemispheric cycles alternates by four Schwabe cycles. This variability is demonstrated by two different methods. It can be the…