Related papers: What do $\gamma$-ray bursts look like?
The discovery by the BeppoSAX satellite of X-ray afterglow emission from the gamma-ray burst which occurred on 28 February 1997 produced a revolution in our knowledge of the gamma-ray burst phenomenon. Along with the discovery of X-ray…
The afterglow emission has become the main stream of Gamma-Ray burst research since its discovery three years ago. With the distance-scale enigma solved, the study of the late-time GRB emission is now the most promising approach to disclose…
The recent years witnessed a dramatic improvement in our knowledge of the phenomenology and physics of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). However, our "pillars of knowledge" remain a few, while many aspects remain obscure and not understood. There is…
Gamma-ray burst astronomy has undergone a revolution in the last three years, spurred by the discovery of fading long-wavelength counterparts. We now know that at least the long duration GRBs lie at cosmological distances with estimated…
For a few seconds a gamma-ray burst (GRB) becomes the brightest object in the Universe, over-shining the rest of the Universe combined! Clearly this reflects extreme conditions that are fascinating and worth exploring. The recent discovery…
The Gamma-Ray Bursts - GRBs are one of the most energetic astronomical events in the universe that have not yet an adequate explanation of what kind of mechanism is carried out. This question motivates the astronomical community to do…
The fireshell model for Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) naturally leads to a canonical GRB composed of a proper-GRB (P-GRB) and an afterglow. P-GRBs, introduced by us in 2001, are sometimes considered "precursors" of the main GRB event in the…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense emission of soft gamma-rays, which have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists since their unexpected discovery in 1960s. The X-ray/optical/radio afterglow observations confirm the…
More than fifty years have been elapsed from the first discovery of a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) with the American Vela satellites, and more than twenty-five years from the discovery with the BeppoSAX satellite of the first X-ray afterglow of a…
We briefly discuss the theoretical implications of recent detections of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by BSAX. Relativistic shock wave theories of fireball expansion are challenged by the wealth of X-ray, optical and radio data obtained after the…
We here discuss a new model of $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) based on differentially rotating strange stars. Strange stars in this model and differentially rotating neutron stars in the Klu\'zniak-Ruderman model can produce extremely…
I review the main observational achievements concerning GRB optical afterglows occurred in the past two years. Their emission seems to be well interpreted in terms of the `fireball' model, although a variety of behaviours are observed.…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to result from the interaction of an extremely relativistic outflow interacting with a small amount of material surrounding the site of the explosion. Multi-wavelength observations covering the gamma-ray…
We present a set of seventeen Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) with known redshifts and X-ray afterglow emission. We apply cosmological corrections in order to compare their fluxes normalized at a redshift of 1. Two classes of GRB can be defined…
The recent detection of delayed X-ray and optical emission, ``afterglow,'' associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) supports models, where the bursts are produced by relativistic expanding blastwaves, ``fireballs,'' at cosmological…
In 1997 the first optical afterglow of a cosmic Gamma-Ray Burst was discovered, and substantial progress has been achieved since then. Here we present a short review of some recent developments in this field, with emphasis on observational…
According to the fireball model gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are the result of a shock pushed into the surrounding medium by an extremely relativistic outflow from the GRB. By modeling the broadband spectrum, ranging from X-ray to radio…
The afterglow of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is commonly thought to be due to continuous deceleration of a relativistically expanding fireball in the surrounding medium. Assuming that the expansion of the fireball is adiabatic and that the…
We describe a ground-based effort to find and study afterglows at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths. We have observed all well-localized gamma-ray bursts in the Northern and Southern sky since BeppoSAX first started providing rapid…
We report on a complete set of early optical afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) obtained with the ROTSE-III telescope network from March 2005 through June 2007. This set is comprised of 12 afterglows with early optical and Swift/XRT…