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Building robots that can perceive, reason, and act in dynamic, unstructured environments remains a core challenge. Recent embodied systems often adopt a dual-system paradigm, where System 2 handles high-level reasoning while System 1…

Despite rapid progress in autonomous robotics, executing complex or long-horizon tasks remains a fundamental challenge. Most current approaches follow an open-loop paradigm with limited reasoning and no feedback, resulting in poor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xinyi Liu , Mohammadreza Fani Sani , Zewei Zhou , Julius Wirbel , Bahram Zarrin , Roberto Galeazzi

Robot chain-of-thought reasoning (CoT) -- wherein a model predicts helpful intermediate representations before choosing actions -- provides an effective method for improving the generalization and performance of robot policies, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 William Chen , Suneel Belkhale , Suvir Mirchandani , Oier Mees , Danny Driess , Karl Pertsch , Sergey Levine

Recent advances in large multimodal models have enabled new opportunities in embodied AI, particularly in robotic manipulation. These models have shown strong potential in generalization and reasoning, but achieving reliable and responsible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Lei Zhang , Ju Dong , Kaixin Bai , Minheng Ni , Zoltan-Csaba Marton , Zhaopeng Chen , Jianwei Zhang

Improving the reasoning capabilities of embodied agents is crucial for robots to complete complex human instructions in long-view manipulation tasks successfully. Despite the success of large language models and vision language models based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Jinrui Liu , Bingyan Nie , Boyu Li , Yaran Chen , Yuze Wang , Shunsen He , Haoran Li

Existing visual reasoning benchmarks predominantly rely on natural language prompts, evaluate narrow reasoning modalities, or depend on subjective scoring procedures such as LLM-as-judge. We introduce the TACIT Benchmark, a programmatic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daniel Nobrega Medeiros

Humans can perform complex tasks with long-term objectives by planning, reasoning, and forecasting outcomes of actions. For embodied agents to achieve similar capabilities, they must gain knowledge of the environment transferable to novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shu Ishida

This paper focuses on embodied task planning, where an agent acquires visual observations from the environment and executes atomic actions to accomplish a given task. Although recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Peiran Xu , Jiaqi Zheng , Yadong Mu

We introduce Robix, a unified model that integrates robot reasoning, task planning, and natural language interaction within a single vision-language architecture. Acting as the high-level cognitive layer in a hierarchical robot system,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Huang Fang , Mengxi Zhang , Heng Dong , Wei Li , Zixuan Wang , Qifeng Zhang , Xueyun Tian , Yucheng Hu , Hang Li

Standard Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities, yet its reliance on linear natural language is inherently insufficient for effective world modeling in embodied tasks. While text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hongyu Chen , Liang Lin , Guangrun Wang

Reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, enabling adaptive decision-making in complex and unfamiliar scenarios. In contrast, machine intelligence remains bound to training data, lacking the ability to dynamically refine solutions at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Shaheer U. Saeed , Yipei Wang , Veeru Kasivisvanathan , Brian R. Davidson , Matthew J. Clarkson , Yipeng Hu , Daniel C. Alexander

Video generation models have significantly advanced embodied intelligence, unlocking new possibilities for generating diverse robot data that capture perception, reasoning, and action in the physical world. However, synthesizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yufan Deng , Zilin Pan , Hongyu Zhang , Xiaojie Li , Ruoqing Hu , Yufei Ding , Yiming Zou , Yan Zeng , Daquan Zhou

The pursuit of general-purpose robotics has yielded impressive foundation models, yet simulation-based benchmarking remains a bottleneck due to rapid performance saturation and a lack of true generalization testing. Existing benchmarks…

Language-conditioned robot models have the potential to enable robots to perform a wide range of tasks based on natural language instructions. However, assessing their safety and effectiveness remains challenging because it is difficult to…

The prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is revolutionizing the process of writing code. General and code LLMs have shown impressive performance in generating standalone functions and code-completion tasks with one-shot queries.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yibin Wang , Jiaxi Xie , Lakshminarayanan Subramanian

We propose a novel framework for learning high-level cognitive capabilities in robot manipulation tasks, such as making a smiley face using building blocks. These tasks often involve complex multi-step reasoning, presenting significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Chuhao Jin , Wenhui Tan , Jiange Yang , Bei Liu , Ruihua Song , Limin Wang , Jianlong Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that demand complex reasoning. To track progress, robust benchmarks are required to evaluate their capabilities beyond superficial pattern recognition.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wenye Lin , Jonathan Roberts , Yunhan Yang , Samuel Albanie , Zongqing Lu , Kai Han

Embodied intelligence aims to enable robots to learn, reason, and generalize robustly across complex real-world environments. However, existing approaches often struggle with partial observability, fragmented spatial reasoning, and…

We consider the human-aware task planning problem where a human-robot team is given a shared task with a known objective to achieve. Recent approaches tackle it by modeling it as a team of independent, rational agents, where the robot plans…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Anthony Favier , Shashank Shekhar , Rachid Alami

While large language models have shown impressive capabilities across a wide range of domains, they still encounter significant challenges in reasoning tasks that require gathering evidence over multiple turns and drawing logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Eryk Banatt , Jonathan Cheng , Skanda Vaidyanath , Tiffany Hwu
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