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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are algorithms from deep learning leveraging physical laws by including partial differential equations together with a respective set of boundary and initial conditions as penalty terms into their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Rafael Bischof , Michael Kraus

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as powerful tools for solving a wide range of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, despite their user-friendly interface and broad applicability, PINNs encounter challenges in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Zhengqi Zhang , Jing Li , Bin Liu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) were recently proposed in [1] as an alternative way to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). A neural network (NN) represents the solution while a PDE-induced NN is coupled to the solution NN,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Xiaoli Chen , Jinqiao Duan , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing outputs and gradients of deep models to satisfy target equations. Due to the limitation of numerical computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Yuezhou Ma , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Many engineering tasks require solving families of nonlinear constrained optimization problems, parametrized in setting-specific variables. This is computationally demanding, particularly, if solutions have to be computed across strongly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Matthias K. Hoffmann , Amine Othmane , Kathrin Flaßkamp

While Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a mesh-free approach to solving PDEs, standard point-wise residual minimization suffers from convergence pathologies in topologically complex domains like Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Weizheng Zhang , Xunjie Xie , Hao Pan , Xiaowei Duan , Bingteng Sun , Qiang Du , Lin Lu

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are a machine learning tool that can be used to solve direct and inverse problems related to models described by Partial Differential Equations. This paper proposes an adaptive inverse PINN applied to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-28 Marco Berardi , Fabio Difonzo , Matteo Icardi

Recent work has shown that strong-form physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) based on pointwise enforcement of differential operators can be ill-posed due to the combination of sufficiently expressive neural network trial spaces with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Andreas Langer

We propose a meta-learning technique for offline discovery of physics-informed neural network (PINN) loss functions. We extend earlier works on meta-learning, and develop a gradient-based meta-learning algorithm for addressing diverse task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Apostolos F Psaros , Kenji Kawaguchi , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a promising framework for solving inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) by integrating observational data and physical constraints in a unified optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yongsheng Chen , Yong Chen , Wei Guo , Xinghui Zhong

This paper explores challenges in training Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), emphasizing the role of the loss landscape in the training process. We examine difficulties in minimizing the PINN loss function, particularly due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Pratik Rathore , Weimu Lei , Zachary Frangella , Lu Lu , Madeleine Udell

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a novel computational approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy and sparse initial and boundary data. Although, efficient quantification of epistemic and aleatoric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Júlia Vicens Figueres , Juliette Vanderhaeghen , Federica Bragone , Kateryna Morozovska , Khemraj Shukla

Fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) can effectively represent anomalous transport and nonlocal interactions. However, inherent uncertainties arise naturally in real applications due to random forcing or unknown material…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Lei Ma , Rong xin Li , Fanhai Zeng , Ling Guo , George Em Karniadakis

The optimization algorithms are crucial in training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), as unsuitable methods may lead to poor solutions. Compared to the common gradient descent (GD) algorithm, implicit gradient descent (IGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

Adaptive training methods for Physics-informed neural network (PINN) require dedicated constructions of the distribution of weights assigned at each training sample. To efficiently seek such an optimal weight distribution is not a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Jiayue Han , Zhiqiang Cai , Zhiyou Wu , Xiang Zhou

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a flexible paradigm for solving differential equations by embedding governing laws into the training objective. A persistent limitation is instance specificity: standard PINNs typically require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yiqi Rao , Pavlos Protopapas

The current work aims to incorporate physics-based loss in Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) directly using the numerical residual obtained from the governing equation in any dicretized forward solver. PINN's major difficulties in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Rahul Halder , Giovanni Stabile , Gianluigi Rozza

Solving time-dependent Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is one of the most critical problems in computational science. While Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising framework for approximating PDE solutions, their…

Classical numerical methods solve partial differential equations (PDEs) efficiently on regular meshes, but many of them become unstable on irregular domains. In practice, multiphysics interactions such as diffusion, damage, and healing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuelian Li , Andrew Rushing Hands

We propose a new semi-analytic physics informed neural network (PINN) to solve singularly perturbed boundary value problems. The PINN is a scientific machine learning framework that offers a promising perspective for finding numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-22 Gung-Min Gie , Youngjoon Hong , Chang-Yeol Jung