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Autoformalization serves a crucial role in connecting natural language and formal reasoning. This paper presents MASA, a novel framework for building multi-agent systems for autoformalization driven by Large Language Models (LLMs). MASA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lan Zhang , Marco Valentino , André Freitas

In this paper, we propose a novel factored agent architecture designed to overcome the limitations of traditional single-agent systems in agentic AI. Our approach decomposes the agent into two specialized components: (1) a large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Nicholas Roth , Christopher Hidey , Lucas Spangher , William F. Arnold , Chang Ye , Nick Masiewicki , Jinoo Baek , Peter Grabowski , Eugene Ie

Individual agents in a multi-agent system (MAS) may have decoupled open-loop dynamics, but a cooperative control objective usually results in coupled closed-loop dynamics thereby making the control design computationally expensive. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-09 Gangshan Jing , He Bai , Jemin George , Aranya Chakrabortty

Large Language Model (LLM) agents deployed in complex real-world scenarios increasingly operate as spatially distributed entities. However, this physical dispersion constrains agents to limited local perception and finite temporal horizons.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Handi Chen , Running Zhao , Xiuzhe Wu , Edith C. H. Ngai

The difficulty of appropriately assigning credit is particularly heightened in cooperative MARL with sparse reward, due to the concurrent time and structural scales involved. Automatic subgoal generation (ASG) has recently emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Wenhao Li , Dan Qiao , Baoxiang Wang , Xiangfeng Wang , Bo Jin , Hongyuan Zha

Memory systems are widely adopted to enhance LLMs for long-horizon tasks, and are commonly organized as multi-agent pipelines with memory building, summarizing, and retrieval agents. To empower this system, existing RL-based methods either…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Marina Mao , Alexandr Liu , Pengbo Li , Siheng Li , Bo Zhou , Xiang Wang

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a prominent paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs) to tackle complex tasks. However, the mechanisms governing the effectiveness of MAS built upon publicly available LLMs, specifically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuxuan Zhao , Sijia Chen , Ningxin Su

Large language model-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS) effectively accomplish complex and dynamic tasks through inter-agent communication, but this reliance introduces substantial safety vulnerabilities. Existing attack methods targeting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Bingyu Yan , Ziyi Zhou , Xiaoming Zhang , Chaozhuo Li , Ruilin Zeng , Yirui Qi , Tianbo Wang , Litian Zhang

Telecom networks are rapidly growing in scale and complexity, making effective management, operation, and optimization increasingly challenging. Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied to many telecom tasks, existing models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chenhua Shi , Bhavika Jalli , Gregor Macdonald , John Zou , Wanlu Lei , Mridul Jain , Joji Philip

Optimizing communication topology is fundamental to the efficiency and effectiveness of Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). While recent approaches utilize reinforcement learning to dynamically construct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yueyang Cang , Xiaoteng Zhang , Erlu Zhao , Zehua Ji , Yuhang Liu , Yuchen He , Zhiyuan Ning , Chen Yijun , Wenge Que , Li Shi

This paper formalises the literature on emerging design patterns and paradigms for Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled multi-agent systems (MAS), evaluating their practical utility across various domains. We define key architectural…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Harri Renney , Maxim N Nethercott , Nathan Renney , Peter Hayes

Distributed algorithms for both discrete-time and continuous-time linearly solvable optimal control (LSOC) problems of networked multi-agent systems (MASs) are investigated in this paper. A distributed framework is proposed to partition the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Neng Wan , Aditya Gahlawat , Naira Hovakimyan , Evangelos A. Theodorou , Petros G. Voulgaris

Despite the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in various reasoning tasks, they still struggle with table reasoning tasks, particularly in maintaining consistency throughout multi-step reasoning processes. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Peiying Yu , Guoxin Chen , Jingjing Wang

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems have shown strong potential in complex reasoning and collaborative decision-making tasks. However, most existing coordination schemes rely on static or full-context routing strategies, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Changdi Yang , Fan Yang , Tianqi Li , Peiyan Dong , Joannah Nanjekye , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Pu Zhao , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Early artificial intelligence paradigms exhibited separated cognitive functions: Neural Networks focused on "perception-representation," Reinforcement Learning on "decision-making-behavior," and Symbolic AI on "knowledge-reasoning." With…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhi Liu , Guangzhi Wang

This paper addresses the problem of collaboratively satisfying long-term spatial constraints in multi-agent systems. Each agent is subject to spatial constraints, expressed as inequalities, which may depend on the positions of other agents…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Farhad Mehdifar , Mani H. Dhullipalla , Charalampos P. Bechlioulis , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Effective training-time guidance is central to multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), yet remains difficult in sparse-reward settings where weak supervision limits coordination and policy improvement, and existing methods often require…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiaoguang Wu , Zhi Zheng , Hui Xiong

In this project, our goal is to determine how to leverage the world-knowledge of pretrained large language models for efficient and robust learning in multiagent decision making. We examine this in a taxi routing and assignment problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Huangyuan Su , Aaron Walsman , Daniel Garces , Sham Kakade , Stephanie Gil

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for complex problem solving, where performance critically depends on the underlying inter-agent communication topology. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuefei Wang , Jialu Wang , Fengbo Zhang , Yihan Hu , Di Zhang , Yutong Ye , Yikun Ban , Jun Han , Ruijie Wang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are susceptible to linguistic attacks that can trigger cascading failures across the network. Existing defenses face a fundamental dilemma: lightweight single-auditor methods are…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kaixiang Wang , Zhaojiacheng Zhou , Bunyod Suvonov , Jiong Lou , Jie LI
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