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The concept of AI-RAN as specified by the AI-RAN alliance is geared to explore a converged 6G platform that can support management, orchestration, and deployment of both AI and RAN workloads. This concept is central to the development of a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Syed Danial Ali Shah , Zeinab Nezami , Maryam Hafeez , Syed Ali Raza Zaidi

The proliferation of 5G technology presents an unprecedented challenge in managing the energy consumption of densely deployed network infrastructures, particularly Base Stations (BSs), which account for the majority of power usage in mobile…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-17 Xuanyu Liang , Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Qiao Wang , Swarna Chetty , Chenrui Sun , Hamed Ahmadi

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) offers an open, programmable architecture for next-generation wireless networks, enabling advanced control through AI-based applications on the near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (near-RT RIC).…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ryan Barker , Alireza Ebrahimi Dorcheh , Tolunay Seyfi , Fatemeh Afghah

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture allows AI to be embedded directly into the RAN through modular xApps and rApps, yet creating these applications collecting data, training models, writing code, and deploying them safely…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Seyed Bagher Hashemi Natanzi , Pranshav Gajja , Bo Tang , Vijay K. Shah

The virtualization of radio access networks (RANs) is emerging as a key component of future wireless systems, as it brings agility to the RAN architecture and offers degrees of design freedom. In this paper, we investigate and characterize…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Somreeta Pramanik , Adlen Ksentini , Carla Fabiana Chiasserini

Open RAN (O-RAN) exposes rich control and telemetry interfaces across the Non-RT RIC, Near-RT RIC, and distributed units, but also makes it harder to operate multi-tenant, multi-objective RANs in a safe and auditable manner. In parallel,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhizhou He , Yang Luo , Xinkai Liu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mohammad Shojafar , Merouane Debbah , Rahim Tafazolli

Intent-Driven Communication (IDC) is emerging as a key paradigm for autonomous 6G networks, where AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) translate high-level user intents into actionable network policies. Meanwhile, Reconfigurable Intelligent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Zawar Hussain , Naveed Ul Hassan

Network virtualization, software-defined infrastructure, and orchestration are pivotal elements in contemporary networks, yielding new vectors for optimization and novel capabilities. In line with these principles, O-RAN presents an avenue…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Stefano Maxenti , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Antonio Capone , Tommaso Melodia

The disaggregated, distributed and virtualised implementation of radio access networks allows for dynamic resource allocation. These attributes can be realised by virtue of the Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) architecture. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Łukasz Kułacz , Adrian Kliks , Syed A. Zaidi , Marcin Dryjanski , Des McLernon

Securing the near-real-time (near-RT) control operations in Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN) is increasingly critical, yet remains insufficiently addressed, as new runtime threats target the control loop while the system is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hamed Alimohammadi , Samara Mayhoub , Sotiris Chatzimiltis , Mohammad Shojafar , Muhammad Nasir Mumtaz Bhutta

In mobile networks, Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) provides a framework for implementing network slicing that interacts with the resources at the lower layers. Both monitoring and Radio Access Network (RAN) control is feasible for both 4G…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Andreas Casparsen , Beatriz Soret , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski

This paper proposes an intent-aware multi-agent planning framework as well as a learning algorithm. Under this framework, an agent plans in the goal space to maximize the expected utility. The planning process takes the belief of other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Siyuan Qi , Song-Chun Zhu

Open Radio Access Network (RAN) was designed with native Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a core pillar, enabling AI- driven xApps and rApps to dynamically optimize network performance. However, the independent ICP adjustments made by these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Abdul Wadud , Nima Afraz , Fatemeh Golpayegani

The evolution toward open, programmable O-RAN and AI-RAN 6G networks creates unprecedented opportunities for Intent-Based Networking (IBN) to dynamically optimize RAN[...]. However, applying IBN effectively to the RAN scheduler [...]…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Maxime Elkael , Michele Polese , Reshma Prasad , Stefano Maxenti , Tommaso Melodia

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) paradigm envisions a more flexible, interoperable, and intelligent RAN ecosystem via new open interfaces and elements like the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC). However, the impact of these elements on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 João Paulo S. H. Lima , George N. Katsaros , Konstantinos Nikitopoulos

The evolution of 6G envisions a wide range of applications and services characterized by highly differentiated and stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) technology has emerged as a transformative…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Noe M. Yungaicela-Naula , Vishal Sharma , Sandra Scott-Hayward

The transition towards sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks necessitates autonomous orchestration mechanisms capable of translating high-level operational intents into executable network configurations. Existing approaches to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Genze Jiang , Kezhi Wang , Xiaomin Chen , Yizhou Huang

This work proposes an integrated approach for optimising Federated Learning (FL) communication in dynamic and heterogeneous network environments. Leveraging the modular flexibility of the Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) architecture and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Abdelaziz Salama , Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Syed Danial Ali Shah , Maryam Hafeez , Syed Ali Zaidi

Softwarization, programmable network control and the use of all-encompassing controllers acting at different timescales are heralded as the key drivers for the evolution to next-generation cellular networks. These technologies have fostered…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia

This paper proposes a vision-based framework for the intelligent control of mobile Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) base stations (gNBs) operating in dynamic wireless environments. The framework comprises three innovative components. The…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Pedro Duarte , André Coelho , Francisco Ribeiro , Filipe B. Teixeira , Luís Pessoa , Manuel Ricardo