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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have opened the door to culture-aware language tasks. We introduce the novel problem of adapting wine reviews across Chinese and English, which goes beyond literal translation by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Chenye Zou , Xingyue Wen , Tianyi Hu , Qian Janice Wang , Daniel Hershcovich

As the use of text-to-image generative models increases, so does the adoption of automatic benchmarking methods used in their evaluation. However, while metrics and datasets abound, there are few unified benchmarking libraries that provide…

Machine-translated benchmarks are widely used to assess the multilingual capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet translation errors in these benchmarks remain underexplored, raising concerns about the reliability and comparability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Klaudia-Doris Thellmann , Bernhard Stadler , Michael Färber , Jens Lehmann

In today's data-driven era, computational systems generate vast amounts of data that drive the digital transformation of industries, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a key role. Currently, the demand for eXplainable AI (XAI) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Georgios Makridis , Vasileios Koukos , Georgios Fatouros , Dimosthenis Kyriazis

As LLMs are increasingly deployed in global applications, the importance of cultural sensitivity becomes paramount, ensuring that users from diverse backgrounds feel respected and understood. Cultural harm can arise when these models fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Somnath Banerjee , Sayan Layek , Hari Shrawgi , Rajarshi Mandal , Avik Halder , Shanu Kumar , Sagnik Basu , Parag Agrawal , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

This survey examines multilingual vision-language models that process text and images across languages. We review 33 models and 23 benchmarks, spanning encoder-only and generative architectures, and identify a key tension between language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Andrei-Alexandru Manea , Jindřich Libovický

Vision-language models are integral to computer vision research, yet many high-performing models remain closed-source, obscuring their data, design and training recipe. The research community has responded by using distillation from…

Learning visual representations from natural language supervision has recently shown great promise in a number of pioneering works. In general, these language-augmented visual models demonstrate strong transferability to a variety of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Chunyuan Li , Haotian Liu , Liunian Harold Li , Pengchuan Zhang , Jyoti Aneja , Jianwei Yang , Ping Jin , Houdong Hu , Zicheng Liu , Yong Jae Lee , Jianfeng Gao

Image captioning evaluation remains a significant challenge, as vision-language models evolve toward more challenging capabilities such as generating long-form and context-rich descriptions. State-of-the-art evaluation metrics involve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Gonçalo Gomes , Bruno Martins , Chrysoula Zerva

Neural metrics for machine translation evaluation, such as COMET, exhibit significant improvements in their correlation with human judgments, as compared to traditional metrics based on lexical overlap, such as BLEU. Yet, neural metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Ricardo Rei , Nuno M. Guerreiro , Marcos Treviso , Luisa Coheur , Alon Lavie , André F. T. Martins

The transformative potential of text-to-image (T2I) models hinges on their ability to synthesize culturally diverse, photorealistic images from textual prompts. However, these models often perpetuate cultural biases embedded within their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Muna Numan Said , Aarib Zaidi , Rabia Usman , Sonia Okon , Praneeth Medepalli , Kevin Zhu , Vasu Sharma , Sean O'Brien

When applied to question answering and other text generation tasks, language models (LMs) may be queried generatively (by sampling answers from their output distribution) or discriminatively (by using them to score or rank a set of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Athul Paul Jacob , Yikang Shen , Gabriele Farina , Jacob Andreas

LaTeX's precision and flexibility in typesetting have made it the gold standard for the preparation of scientific documentation. Large Language Models (LLMs) present a promising opportunity for researchers to produce publication-ready…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sahil Kale , Vijaykant Nadadur

Automatic image captioning evaluation is critical for benchmarking and promoting advances in image captioning research. Existing metrics only provide a single score to measure caption qualities, which are less explainable and informative.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Anwen Hu , Shizhe Chen , Liang Zhang , Qin Jin

The awareness of multi-cultural human values is critical to the ability of language models (LMs) to generate safe and personalized responses. However, this awareness of LMs has been insufficiently studied, since the computer science…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Wenlong Zhao , Debanjan Mondal , Niket Tandon , Danica Dillion , Kurt Gray , Yuling Gu

Tremendous efforts have been put into evaluating the inclusivity and effectiveness of AI systems across cultures. However, the cultural capabilities considered in much of the literature remain vaguely defined, are referred to using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Isar Nejadgholi , Masoud Kianpour , Krishnapriya Vishnubhotla , Maryam Molamohamadi

Evaluating statement autoformalization, translating natural language mathematics into formal languages like Lean 4, remains a significant challenge, with few metrics, datasets, and standards to robustly measure progress. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Auguste Poiroux , Gail Weiss , Viktor Kunčak , Antoine Bosselut

Existing benchmarks for evaluating mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) rely primarily on competition problems, formal proofs, or artificially challenging questions -- failing to capture the nature of mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jie Zhang , Cezara Petrui , Kristina Nikolić , Florian Tramèr

Assessing Large Language Models'(LLMs) underlying value differences enables comprehensive comparison of their misalignment, cultural adaptability, and biases. Nevertheless, current value measurement methods face the informativeness…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jing Yao , Shitong Duan , Xiaoyuan Yi , Dongkuan Xu , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Ning Gu , Zhicheng Dou , Xing Xie

This study introduces a prescriptive annotation benchmark grounded in humanities research to ensure consistent, unbiased labeling of offensive language, particularly for casual and non-mainstream language uses. We contribute two newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinmeng Hou