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Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have aimed to integrate and interpret data across diverse modalities. However, the capacity of these models to concurrently process and reason about multiple modalities remains…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in scientific reasoning, yet their reasoning capabilities in materials science remain underexplored. To fill this gap, we introduce MatSciBench, a comprehensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Junkai Zhang , Jingru Gan , Xiaoxuan Wang , Zian Jia , Changquan Gu , Jianpeng Chen , Yanqiao Zhu , Mingyu Derek Ma , Dawei Zhou , Ling Li , Wei Wang

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated substantial potential in video understanding. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate synergistic reasoning capabilities across audio and…

Multimodal reasoning, which integrates language and visual cues into problem solving and decision making, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and a crucial step toward artificial general intelligence. However, the evaluation of…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have increasingly supported omni-modal processing across text, vision, and speech. However, existing evaluation frameworks for such models suffer from critical limitations, including modality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Seunghee Kim , Ingyu Bang , Seokgyu Jang , Changhyeon Kim , Sanghwan Bae , Jihun Choi , Richeng Xuan , Taeuk Kim

Solving expert-level multimodal tasks is a key milestone towards general intelligence. As the capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) continue to improve, evaluation of such advanced multimodal intelligence becomes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yan Yang , Dongxu Li , Haoning Wu , Bei Chen , Liu Liu , Liyuan Pan , Junnan Li

Despite recent advances in large language models (LLMs) for materials science, there is a lack of benchmarks for evaluating their domain-specific knowledge and complex reasoning abilities. To bridge this gap, we introduce MSQA, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jerry Junyang Cheung , Shiyao Shen , Yuchen Zhuang , Yinghao Li , Rampi Ramprasad , Chao Zhang

We present MaterialFigBench, a benchmark dataset designed to evaluate the ability of multimodal large language models (LLMs) to solve university-level materials science problems that require accurate interpretation of figures. Unlike…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Michiko Yoshitake , Yuta Suzuki , Ryo Igarashi , Yoshitaka Ushiku , Keisuke Nagato

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that integrate vision and language modalities has unlocked new potentials for scientific reasoning, outperforming prior benchmarks in both natural language and coding domains.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sifan Wu , Huan Zhang , Yizhan Li , Farshid Effaty , Amirreza Ataei , Bang Liu

Reasoning stands as a cornerstone of intelligence, enabling the synthesis of existing knowledge to solve complex problems. Despite remarkable progress, existing reasoning benchmarks often fail to rigorously evaluate the nuanced reasoning…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (LVLMs) have shown promise across many tasks, yet their scientific reasoning capabilities remain untested, particularly in multimodal settings. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xinwu Ye , Chengfan Li , Siming Chen , Wei Wei , Xiangru Tang

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal across various domains, especially in handling complex data types. This includes structured data processing, as exemplified by ChartQA and ChatGPT-Ada, and multimodal…

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit impressive problem-solving abilities in various domains, but their visual comprehension and abstract reasoning skills remain under-evaluated. To this end, we present PolyMATH, a challenging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Himanshu Gupta , Shreyas Verma , Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Kevin Scaria , Mihir Parmar , Swaroop Mishra , Chitta Baral

Scientific reasoning is a key aspect of human intelligence, requiring the integration of multimodal inputs, domain expertise, and multi-step inference across various subjects. Existing benchmarks for multimodal large language models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Longteng Guo , Xuanxu Lin , Dongze Hao , Tongtian Yue , Pengkang Huo , Jiatong Ma , Yuchen Liu , Jing Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has ignited discussions regarding their potential to surpass human performance in multimodal tasks. In response, we introduce MANBench (Multimodal Ability Norms Benchmark), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Han Zhou , Qitong Xu , Yiheng Dong , Xin Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to materials science questions, including literature comprehension, property prediction, materials discovery and alloy design. At the same time, a wide range of physics-based…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-17 Siyu Liu , Bo Hu , Beilin Ye , Jiamin Xu , David J. Srolovitz , Tongqi Wen

Materials characterization is fundamental to acquiring materials information, revealing the processing-microstructure-property relationships that guide material design and optimization. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhengzhao Lai , Youbin Zheng , Zhenyang Cai , Haonan Lyu , Jinpu Yang , Hongqing Liang , Yan Hu , Benyou Wang

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential to advance a broad range of domains. However, current benchmarks for evaluating MLLMs primarily emphasize general knowledge and vertical step-by-step reasoning…

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