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Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models hold significant promise for universal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches often rely on end-to-end fine-tuning and exhibit limited efficacy under frozen-probing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Yangxuan Zhou , Yiming Kang , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Cognitive load, the amount of mental effort required for task completion, plays an important role in performance and decision-making outcomes, making its classification and analysis essential in various sensitive domains. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Dustin Pulver , Prithila Angkan , Paul Hungler , Ali Etemad

This paper presents a novel approach towards creating a foundational model for aligning neural data and visual stimuli across multimodal representationsof brain activity by leveraging contrastive learning. We used electroencephalography…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Matteo Ferrante , Tommaso Boccato , Grigorii Rashkov , Nicola Toschi

Intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) offers high-signal-to-noise access to cortical activity for brain-computer interfaces, yet limited per-patient data has led most prior work to rely on small, subject-specific decoders that neglect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liuyin Yang , Qiang Sun , Bob Van Dyck , Eva Calvo Merino , Marc M. Van Hulle

In recent years, brain-computer interfaces have made advances in decoding various motor-related tasks, including gesture recognition and movement classification, utilizing electroencephalogram (EEG) data. These developments are fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Jun-Young Kim , Deok-Seon Kim , Seo-Hyun Lee

Electroencephalography (EEG) serves as an effective diagnostic tool for mental disorders and neurological abnormalities. Enhanced analysis and classification of EEG signals can help improve detection performance. A new approach is examined…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-11 Lubna Shibly Mokatren , Rashid Ansari , Ahmet Enis Cetin , Alex D Leow , Heide Klumpp , Olusola Ajilore , Fatos Yarman Vural

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), aiming to learn transferable neural representations from large-scale heterogeneous recordings. Despite rapid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Dingkun Liu , Yuheng Chen , Zhu Chen , Zhenyao Cui , Yaozhi Wen , Jiayu An , Jingwei Luo , Dongrui Wu

A limiting factor towards the wide routine use of wearables devices for continuous healthcare monitoring is their cumbersome and obtrusive nature. This is particularly true for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, which require the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-20 Laura M. Ferrari , Guy Abi Hanna , Paolo Volpe , Esma Ismailova , François Bremond , Maria A. Zuluaga

Positional Encodings (PEs) are essential for injecting structural information into Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), particularly Graph Transformers, yet their empirical impact remains insufficiently understood. We introduce a unified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Florian Grötschla , Jiaqing Xie , Roger Wattenhofer

A central challenge in electroencephalography (EEG) foundation modeling is learning transferable representations across recordings with diverse tasks, montages, references, and spectral characteristics. Existing masked modeling approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jamiyan Sukhbaatar , Satoshi Imamura , Toshihisa Tanaka

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a cornerstone of brain-computer interfaces and clinical neuroscience, yet deep learning models are typically trained and evaluated under a single, unreported preprocessing pipeline. We formalize preprocessing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Dengzhe Hou , Zihao Wu , Lingyu Jiang , Zirui Li , Fangzhou Lin , Kazunori D. Yamada

Recent progress in real-time hand pose estimation from surface electromyography (sEMG) has been driven by the emg2pose benchmark, whose original baseline study concluded that velocity decoding outperforms position decoding in both…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nima Hadidi , Johannes Lee , Ebrahim Feghhi , Michael Yuan , Jonathan C. Kao

Brain-Machine Interfacing (BMI) has greatly benefited from adopting machine learning methods for feature learning that require extensive data for training, which are often unavailable from a single dataset. Yet, it is difficult to combine…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Jinpei Han , Xiaoxi Wei , A. Aldo Faisal

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an non-invasive method to record the electrical activity of the brain. The EEG signals are low bandwidth and recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously in a time synchronized manner. Typical EEG signal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Sunil Kumar Kopparapu

Deep learning based neural decoding from stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG) would likely benefit from scaling up both dataset and model size. To achieve this, combining data across multiple subjects is crucial. However, in sEEG…

A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on electroencephalography (EEG) can be useful for rehabilitation and the control of external devices. Five grasping tasks were decoded for motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI). During this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Jeong-Hyun Cho , Byoung-Hee Kwon , Byeong-Hoo Lee

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a vital tool to measure and record brain activity in neuroscience and clinical applications, yet its potential is constrained by signal heterogeneity, low signal-to-noise ratios, and limited labeled datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Enze Shi , Kui Zhao , Qilong Yuan , Jiaqi Wang , Huawen Hu , Sigang Yu , Shu Zhang

Single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) is a cost-effective, comfortable, and non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity, widely adopted by researchers, consumers, and clinicians. The increasing number and proportion of articles on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yueyang Li , Weiming Zeng , Wenhao Dong , Di Han , Lei Chen , Hongyu Chen , Zijian Kang , Shengyu Gong , Hongjie Yan , Wai Ting Siok , Nizhuan Wang

Over recent decades, neuroimaging tools, particularly electroencephalography (EEG), have revolutionized our understanding of the brain and its functions. EEG is extensively used in traditional brain-computer interface (BCI) systems due to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-12 Zaineb Ajra , Binbin Xu , Gérard Dray , Jacky Montmain , Stéphane Perrey

Understanding and decoding brain activity from electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience and AI, with applications in cognition, emotion recognition, diagnosis, and brain-computer interfaces. While…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuchen Zhou , Jiamin Wu , Zichen Ren , Zhouheng Yao , Weiheng Lu , Kunyu Peng , Qihao Zheng , Chunfeng Song , Wanli Ouyang , Chao Gou