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Optimizing GPU kernels for high performance is a complex task, often demanding deep architectural knowledge, extensive profiling, and iterative experimentation. This challenge is amplified when targeting newer or less-documented GPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Martin Andrews , Sam Witteveen

Modern heterogeneous computing architectures, which couple multi-core CPUs with discrete many-core GPUs (or other specialized hardware accelerators), enable unprecedented peak performance and energy efficiency levels. Unfortunately, though,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Daniel Castro , Paolo Romano , Aleksandar Ilic , Amin M. Khan

Improving GPU kernel efficiency is crucial for advancing AI systems. Recent work has explored leveraging large language models (LLMs) for GPU kernel generation and optimization. However, existing LLM-based kernel optimization pipelines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Qitong Sun , Jun Han , Tianlin Li , Zhe Tang , Sheng Chen , Fei Yang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Yang Liu

The efficiency of GPU kernels is central to the progress of modern AI, yet optimizing them remains a difficult and labor-intensive task due to complex interactions between memory hierarchies, thread scheduling, and hardware-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Juncheng Dong , Yang Yang , Tao Liu , Yang Wang , Feng Qi , Vahid Tarokh , Kaushik Rangadurai , Shuang Yang

Long-term memory is one of the key factors influencing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LLM Agents). Incorporating a memory mechanism that effectively integrates past interactions can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoran Sun , Shaoning Zeng

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used in real-world products, where personalized and context-aware user interactions are essential. A central enabler of such capabilities is the agent's long-term semantic memory system,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhentao Xu , Shangjin Zhang , Emir Poyraz , Yvonne Li , Ye Jin , Xie Lu , Xiaoyang Gu , Karthik Ramgopal , Praveen Kumar Bodigutla , Xiaofeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on edge devices with Neural Processing Units (NPUs), yet the decode phase remains memory-intensive, limiting performance. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) offers a promising solution, but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hai Huang

A large language model (LLM) is one of the most important emerging machine learning applications nowadays. However, due to its huge model size and runtime increase of the memory footprint, LLM inferences suffer from the lack of memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Soojin Hwang , Jungwoo Kim , Sanghyeon Lee , Hongbeen Kim , Jaehyuk Huh

A long-standing goal in both industry and academia is to develop an LLM inference platform that is portable across hardware architectures, eliminates the need for low-level hand-tuning, and still delivers best-in-class efficiency. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Burkhard Ringlein , Jan van Lunteren , Radu Stoica , Thomas Parnell

Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) allows lock-free programming as easy as with traditional coarse-grain locks or similar, while benefiting from the performance advantages of fine-grained locking. Many HTM implementations have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Konstantinos Kafousis

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) has outpaced the evolution of single-GPU hardware, making model scale increasingly constrained by memory capacity rather than computation. While modern training systems extend GPU memory…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhengqing Yuan , Lichao Sun , Yanfang Ye

GPU code optimization is a key performance bottleneck for HPC workloads as well as large-model training and inference. Although compiler optimizations and hand-written kernels can partially alleviate this issue, achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Qiuyi Qu , Yicheng Sui , Yufei Sun , Rui Chen , Xiaofei Zhang , Yuzhi Zhang , Haofeng Wang , Ge Lan

In this paper, we propose and investigate a novel memory architecture for neural networks called Hierarchical Attentive Memory (HAM). It is based on a binary tree with leaves corresponding to memory cells. This allows HAM to perform memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Marcin Andrychowicz , Karol Kurach

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with limited hardware presents challenges due to GPU memory constraints. Various distributed fine-tuning methods have been proposed to alleviate memory constraints on GPU. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Taeho Kim , Yanming Wang , Vatshank Chaturvedi , Lokesh Gupta , Seyeon Kim , Yongin Kwon , Sangtae Ha

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for automated code optimization. However, without performance context, they struggle to produce correct and effective code transformations. Existing performance tools can identify bottlenecks but…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Mohammad Zaeed , Tanzima Z. Islam , Vladimir Indic

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) on heterogeneous computing platforms poses significant challenges to achieving high inference efficiency. To address these efficiency bottlenecks across diverse platforms, this paper…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yaozheng Zhang , Wei Wang , Jie Kong , Jiehan Zhou , Xianwei Zhang , Huanqing Cui , Han Bao , Yuhai Liu

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has exponentially increased the demand for efficient serving systems. With growing requests and context lengths, key-value (KV)-related operations, including attention computation and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Lian Liu , Shixin Zhao , Yutian Zhou , Yintao He , Mengdi Wang , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

The significant resource demands in LLM serving prompts production clusters to fully utilize heterogeneous hardware by partitioning LLM models across a mix of high-end and low-end GPUs. However, existing parallelization approaches often…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zizhao Mo , Jianxiong Liao , Huanle Xu , Zhi Zhou , Chengzhong Xu

Developing high-performance GPU kernels is critical for AI and scientific computing, but remains challenging due to its reliance on expert crafting and poor portability. While LLMs offer promise for automation, both general-purpose and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xinguo Zhu , Shaohui Peng , Jiaming Guo , Yunji Chen , Qi Guo , Yuanbo Wen , Hang Qin , Ruizhi Chen , Qirui Zhou , Ke Gao , Yanjun Wu , Chen Zhao , Ling Li

The significant computational demands of pretrained language models (PLMs), which often require dedicated hardware, present a substantial challenge in serving them efficiently, especially in multi-tenant environments. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jun Zhang , Jue Wang , Huan Li , Lidan Shou , Ke Chen , Gang Chen , Qin Xie , Guiming Xie , Xuejian Gong
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