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We propose a method by which to examine all possible partial difference Lax pairs that consist of 'two by two' discrete linear problems, where the matrices contain one separable term in each entry. We thereby derive new, higher-order…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2008-06-25 Mike Hay

In this paper, we consider Cauchy problem for the modified Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy on the real line with decaying initial data. Using the Riemann--Hilbert formulation and nonlinear steepest descent method, we derive a uniform asymptotic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Lin Huang , Lun Zhang

This is the second article in a suite of articles investigating relations between St\"{a}ckel-type systems and Painlev\'{e}-type systems. In this article we construct isomonodromic Lax representations for Painlev\'{e}-type systems found in…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-04-29 Maciej Błaszak , Ziemowit Domański , Krzysztof Marciniak

We present a linear system of difference equations whose entries are expressed in terms of theta functions. This linear system is singular at $4m+12$ points for $m \geq 1$, which appear in pairs due to a symmetry condition. We parameterize…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Christopher M. Ormerod , Eric M. Rains

We give the solution to the complete noncommutative Kadomtsev--Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy. We achieve this via direct linearisation which involves the Gelfand--Levitan--Marchenko (GLM) equation. This is a linear integral equation in which…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-10-03 Gordon Blower , Simon J. A. Malham

We establish the existence of real pole-free solutions to all even members of the Painlev\'e I hierarchy. We also obtain asymptotics for those solutions and describe their relevance in the description of critical asymptotic behavior of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Tom Claeys

We present a method to characterize and compute the large N formal asymptotics of regular and critical Hermitian matrix models with general even potentials in the one-cut and two-cut cases. Our analysis is based on a method to solve…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-06-14 Gabriel Álvarez , Luis Martínez Alonso , Elena Medina

In a recent work difference equations (Laguerre-Freud equations) for the bi-orthogonal polynomials and related quantities corresponding to the weight on the unit circle $ w(z)=\prod^m_{j=1}(z-z_j(t))^{\rho_j} $ were derived.Here it is shown…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 P. J. Forrester , N. S. Witte

We present the bilinear forms of the (continuous) Painlev\'e equations obtained from the continuous limit of the analogous expresssions for the discrete ones. The advantage of this method is that it leads to very symmetrical results. A new…

solv-int · Physics 2009-10-30 Y. Ohta , A. Ramani , B. Grammaticos , K. M. Tamizhmani

We present the discrete, q-, form of the Painlev\'e VI equation written as a three-point mapping and analyse the structure of its singularities. This discrete equation goes over to P_{VI} at the continuous limit and degenerates towards the…

solv-int · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Grammaticos , A. Ramani

We study reductions of the Korteweg--de Vries equation corresponding to stationary equations for symmetries from the noncommutative subalgebra. An equivalent system of $n$ second-order equations is obtained, which reduces to the Painlev\'e…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-10-10 V. E. Adler , M. P. Kolesnikov

In this work, we propose a new approach called ``stationary reduction method based on nonisospectral deformation of orthogonal polynomials" for deriving discrete Painlev\'{e}-type (d-P-type) equations. We apply this approach to…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-09-18 Xiao-Lu Yue , Xiang-Ke Chang , Xing-Biao Hu

It is shown that a generalization of the Painlev\'e-II equation (P-II) to a system of coupled equations with symmetry breaking terms is integrable. A Lax pair for this system is used to relate the asymptotic behavior of the solutions at…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 N. A. Sinitsyn

Our work studies sequences of orthogonal polynomials $ \{P_{n}(x)\}_{n=0}^{\infty} $ of the Laguerre-Hahn class, whose Stieltjes functions satisfy a Riccati type differential equation with polynomial coefficients, are subject to a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-05-30 Maria das Neves Rebocho , Nicholas S. Witte

We give an extension of the two-component KP hierarchy by considering additional time variables. We obtain the linear $2\times 2$ system by taking into consideration the hierarchy through a reduction procedure. The Lax pair of the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2011-11-10 Mikio Murata

We illustrate the basic notions of {\em additional non-isospectral symmetries} and their interplay with the discrete {\em \DB transformations} of integrable systems at the instance of {\em constrained Kadomtsev-Petviashvili} (\cKP)…

solv-int · Physics 2008-02-03 H. Aratyn , E. Nissimov , S. Pacheva

We give a constructive proof, to all orders, that each member of the non-commutative potential Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy is a Fredholm Grassmannian flow and is therefore linearisable. Indeed we prove this for any linear combination of…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-04-06 Simon J. A. Malham

We investigate generalizations of the Charlier and the Meixner polynomials on the lattice N and on the shifted lattice N+1-\beta. We combine both lattices to obtain the bi-lattice N \cup (N+1-\beta) and show that the orthogonal polynomials…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Christophe Smet , Walter Van Assche

Over the last decade it has become clear that discrete Painlev\'e equations appear in a wide range of important mathematical and physical problems. Thus, the question of recognizing a given non-autonomous recurrence as a discrete Painlev\'e…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2020-12-30 Anton Dzhamay , Galina Filipuk , Alexander Stokes

We study expectations of powers and correlation functions for characteristic polynomials of $N \times N$ non-Hermitian random matrices. For the $1$-point and $2$-point correlation function, we obtain several characterizations in terms of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-06-02 Alfredo Deaño , Nick Simm