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Recent advancements in language models have led to significant improvements in mathematical reasoning across various benchmarks. However, most of these benchmarks rely on automatic evaluation methods that only compare final answers using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yu Wang , Nan Yang , Liang Wang , Furu Wei , Fuli Feng

Current evaluation frameworks for foundation models rely heavily on static, manually curated benchmarks, limiting their ability to capture the full breadth of model capabilities. This paper introduces Active learning for Capability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Arash Afkanpour , Omkar Dige , Fatemeh Tavakoli , Negin Baghbanzadeh , Farnaz Kohankhaki , Elham Dolatabadi

Sparse autoencoders provide a promising unsupervised approach for extracting interpretable features from a language model by reconstructing activations from a sparse bottleneck layer. Since language models learn many concepts, autoencoders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Leo Gao , Tom Dupré la Tour , Henk Tillman , Gabriel Goh , Rajan Troll , Alec Radford , Ilya Sutskever , Jan Leike , Jeffrey Wu

Active noise control (ANC) has become popular for reducing noise and thus enhancing user comfort in headphones. While feedback control offers an effective way to implement ANC, it is restricted by uncertainty of the controlled system that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Florian Hilgemann , Egke Chatzimoustafa , Peter Jax

Inference-time scaling can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) on complex problems that benefit from step-by-step problem solving. Although lengthening generated scratchpads has proven effective for…

What exactly do efficient sequence models gain over simple temporal averaging? We use exponential moving average (EMA) traces, the simplest recurrent context (no gating, no content-based retrieval), as a controlled probe to map the boundary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Arth Singh

Scaling the amount of compute used to train language models has dramatically improved their capabilities. However, when it comes to inference, we often limit models to making only one attempt at a problem. Here, we explore inference compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Bradley Brown , Jordan Juravsky , Ryan Ehrlich , Ronald Clark , Quoc V. Le , Christopher Ré , Azalia Mirhoseini

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents has expanded the scope of AI coding from localized code generation to complex, repository-level, and execution-driven problem solving. However, current benchmarks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jie Yang , Honglin Guo , Li Ji , Jiazheng Zhou , Rui Zheng , Zhikai Lei , Shuo Zhang , Zhiheng Xi , Shichun Liu , Yuxin Wang , Bo Wang , Yining Zheng , Tao Gui , Xipeng Qiu

The choice of tokenizer can profoundly impact language model performance, yet accessible and reliable evaluations of tokenizer quality remain an open challenge. Inspired by scaling consistency, we show that smaller models can accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jonas F. Lotz , António V. Lopes , Stephan Peitz , Hendra Setiawan , Leonardo Emili

Wearable Cognitive Assistance (WCA) applications present a challenge to benchmark and characterize due to their human-in-the-loop nature. Employing user testing to optimize system parameters is generally not feasible, given the scope of the…

Recent research enhances language model reasoning by scaling test-time compute via longer chain-of-thought traces. This often improves accuracy but also introduces redundancy and high computational cost, especially for small language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xuechen Zhang , Zijian Huang , Chenshun Ni , Ziyang Xiong , Jiasi Chen , Samet Oymak

Agentic systems are evaluated on benchmarks where agents interact with environments to solve tasks. Most papers report a pass@1 score computed from a single run per task, assuming this gives a reliable performance estimate. We test this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Bjarni Haukur Bjarnason , André Silva , Martin Monperrus

AI agents are increasingly deployed in multi-tenant cloud environments, where they execute diverse tool calls within sandboxed containers, each call with distinct resource demands and rapid fluctuations. We present a systematic…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yusheng Zheng , Jiakun Fan , Quanzhi Fu , Yiwei Yang , Wei Zhang , Andi Quinn

Recent advancements in the field of natural language generation have facilitated the use of large language models to assess the quality of generated text. Although these models have shown promising results in tasks such as machine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Terry Yue Zhuo

Benchmark datasets are crucial for evaluating approaches to scheduling or dispatching in the semiconductor industry during the development and deployment phases. However, commonly used benchmark datasets like the Minifab or SMT2020 lack the…

Scaling laws predict the loss of a target machine learning model by extrapolating from easier-to-train models with fewer parameters or smaller training sets. This provides an efficient way for practitioners and researchers alike to compare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Leshem Choshen , Yang Zhang , Jacob Andreas

Autoregressive scientific forecasters often enforce physical or structural constraints by repairing each predicted state before feeding it back into the model. However, it remains unclear when stronger physical rule enforcement becomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bum Jun Kim

Single-prompt accuracy is the dominant way to benchmark language models, but it can miss reliability failures that matter. We evaluate a 15-model open-weight corpus, with the main reliability analyses focused on 10 instruct models across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ranit Karmakar , Jayita Chatterjee

Large language models (LLMs) often generate code that is functionally correct but inefficient in runtime and memory. Prior approaches to improving code efficiency typically rely on absolute execution feedback, such as profiling a single…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Samira Hajizadeh , Suman Jana

Although large language models (LLMs) have been largely successful in generating functionally correct programs, conditioning models to produce efficient solutions while ensuring correctness remains a challenge. Further, unreliability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Siddhant Waghjale , Vishruth Veerendranath , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Daniel Fried